Analysis of Rumen Microbial Diversity and Functional Prediction of Chinese Simmental Cattle Based on 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing Technology

To systematically explore the microbial diversity and function in the rumen of Chinese Simmental cattle,this experiment used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology to detect and analyze the rumen fluid samples of Simmental cattle (about 20 months old,the average weight was 550 kg),and its function was predicted by PICRUSt.The results showed that a total of 66 712 high-quality sequences were obtained from the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform,and 1 797 operational classification units (OTU) were obtained by cluster analysis.The taxonomic identification was divided into 13 phylums,20 classes,22 orders,33 families and 59 genuses;Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria,accounting for 62.46% and 22.45%,respectively;Based on the genus composition,[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group (9.16%),Ruminococcus_2 (7.90%),norank_f__Bacteroidales_RF16_group(6.23%),norank_f__Ruminococcaceae(4.79%),Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group(4.72%),norank_f_Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group(4.49%),Ruminococcus_1(4.43%),etc.The PICRUSt function of the 16S rRNA genome predicted that the rumen flora function was mainly concentrated in carbohydrate transport and metabolism,and might contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin degrading enzyme genes.In summary,the high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S rRNA gene fully revealed the diversity of rumen bacteria in Simmental cattle,and predicted that it was rich in protein decomposition and lignocellulose degrading enzymes.The basis of microbial cognition provided a reference for further research on rumen microbial functional genes closely related to some important nutritional and physiological functions.     

南阳牛IGF2基因第2外显子多态性及其与生长发育相关性研究

以126头纯种南阳黄牛为研究材料，利用PCR-RFLPs技术对胰岛素样生长因子2（IGF2）第2外显子的多态性及其与生长发育的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：南阳牛在该位点的遗传多态性丰富。检测到2种等位基因A和B，频率分别为0．6865和0．3135，A等位基因在群体中是优势等位基因；BB型个体的6、12、18、24月龄体斜长和胸围，12、18和24月龄的坐骨端宽，初生、6月龄和24月龄体重等体征性状显著地优于AA型；6月龄体斜长、12月龄的胸围、18月龄和24月龄坐骨端宽也显著优于杂合型。初步推断JGF2基因是非常有价值的辅助选择标记，可为南阳牛肉用型方向选择提供理论依据。     

传统发酵食品来源植物乳杆菌的发酵特性及其在酸奶中的应用

对传统发酵食品来源的三株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的发酵特性进行试验分析。结果表明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3具有适度的菌体自溶特性和蛋白水解活力,且能够高产胞外多糖(99.7mg/L)。将植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3作为附属发酵剂应用于酸奶中,发现添加植物乳杆菌的酸奶样品经冷藏21d后菌株DH1-XHG-3的活菌数仍保持在108 CFU/m L,且酸奶样品的乳清析出率低于对照组,感官评定、质构特性和持水力均高于对照组。以上结果证明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3适合作为附属发酵剂应用于发酵乳制品中。     

消化道上皮细胞中乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量的变化

利用兔抗鸡乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白血清,以不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对不同日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,2日龄鸡嗉囊部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.181;1日龄鸡小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.168;5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.200和0.123。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.143和0.132;小肠,0.148和0.134。     

玛曲高寒沙化草地植物生态位特征研究

研究高寒沙化草地植物群落特征和演替状况,对恢复生态环境、提高草地生产力具有重要意义。本文采用样方法对玛曲高寒沙化草地20个样地的植物种群进行系统调查,并计算其主要植物的重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。结果表明:该草地当前的优势种为异针茅(Stipa aliena);生态位宽度最大的是亚优势种高山唐松草(Thalictrum alpinum)和乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula),为0.974,而优势种异针茅仅0.941,说明优势种并不具有最强适应能力和竞争力,在群落中的地位也不稳定;生态位宽度大的物种之间具有大的生态位重叠值,其中高山唐松草和乳浆大戟生态位重叠值最大,达0.987,与其他种群之间的竞争也较强,表明高寒沙化草地的演替方向将是杂类草取代禾草的优势地位,如不及时治理,草地将进一步退化。     

兰州地区胡麻田杂草消长动态及群落生态位研究

采用田间调查和室内测定、相对丰度和生态位计算与分析相结合的方法,对兰州地区胡麻田杂草群落进行了研究。初步明确了兰州地区胡麻田间杂草种类共有11科23种,其中主要科为:禾本科、菊科、藜科、苋科和旋花科;优势种群为:地肤、狗尾草、藜、苣荬菜、稗草和打碗花。同时明确了优势杂草的消长变化规律,即4月中旬为杂草始发期,5月中旬和6月中旬为2个出草高峰期。优势杂草生态位的研究结果表明,地肤的综合生态位宽度值最大,对胡麻的危害最大,其次为狗尾草和藜;地肤与狗尾草的时间生态位重叠值最大,与苣荬菜的水平生态位重叠值最大;而苣荬菜和藜的垂直生态位重叠值最大,它们相互之间利用资源的相似性较高。利用相对丰度和生态位宽度均能确定优势杂草的种类,反映杂草对作物危害程度的大小。     

农村高效、生态型奶牛养殖基地建设的实践与探索

"杨凌农村高效、生态型奶牛小区示范基地建设"项目实施成功的案例的表明:目前在我国农村推广"公司 科技专家 养殖小区(基地) 农户"的模式,解开了销售难、资金少、技术低三个一直困扰奶牛发展的死结,为农村产业结构调整,农民增收探索一条新路。     

草原红牛CAPN1基因第5外显子多态性与肉质性状的相关研究

本研究以草原红牛为研究对象,对CAPN1基因的第5外显子进行SNP分析,发现第5外显子存在A3717G突变,同时与肉质性状进行相关分析发现其与pH及嫩度相关。这将为系统的研究草原红牛以及其他肉牛品种的肉质特性提供分子生物学依据。     

中药添加剂对肉鸡免疫功能和生长性能的影响

由于抗生素类药物的大量应用，耐药性菌株不断产生，为疾病的防治带来了困难；同时，畜产品中药残问题严重影响了我国肉鸡产品的出口、危害人类健康。而中药具有安全、低毒、低残留、不易产生抗药性等优点。因此为提高机体的免疫力和饲料转化率，减少养禽业对抗菌药物的过分依赖，降低药物残留，满足消费者对优质畜产品的需求，开展对中药的开发与利用，具有重要的意义。     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Two Kinds of Minipigs in Different Altitudes

This study was designed to compare the blood physiological and biochemical parameters between plateau Juema minipigs and plain Bama minipigs,and provide a theoretical basis for Juema minipigs served as experimental animals in the future.The blood samples of Juema minipigs were taken in Gannan,and the blood samples of the Bama minipigs were taken in Xi'an,24 blood physiological and biochemical parameters were tested using an automatic analyzer of blood cells and biochemistry.Between the plateau Juema minipigs and Bama minipigs,there were significant differences in PLT,RDW-CV and RDW-SD (P< 0.05) and extremely significant differences in RBC,HGB,HCT,MCH,MCMH,GGT,GLU and CRE (P< 0.01).The plateau Juema minipig had an altitude acclimatization,so it was better than Bama minipig in plateau medical science.