衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同土地利用方式对球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白分布的影响

为了明确衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同土地利用方式球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白土层分布模式及其影响因素,本试验选取自然恢复地、草地、灌草地、灌丛地和乔灌地5种不同土地利用方式样地,采集各样地0~10,10~20,20~40 cm土层土样,测定了土样球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白、土壤容重、土壤有机碳、全氮、C/N比、速效磷、土壤pH和土壤蛋白酶活性。结果表明：球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量为1.73~3.78 mg·g^-1,占土壤有机碳含量的14.05%~22.08%,是土壤一个重要碳库;球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白在不同土地利用方式和土层剖面之间差异显著;相关性分析表明球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白与土壤有机碳、全氮、C/N比、土壤蛋白酶、速效磷、土壤容重、土壤pH有显著相关性。研究结果表明,球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白是丛枝菌根真菌生长状况和土壤生态系统波动的一个重要指标。     

透过期货价格看豆粕市场的潮起潮落

养殖行业和饲料行业在分析大豆、豆粕和玉米市场的现货供求状况和价格变动趋势的时候．透过期货市场可以得到许多在现货市场上无法得到的信息，而且方法非常简单．成本也更加低廉。因为期货市场充分竞争集中买卖的机制使价格涨跌更具预见性，而且其不同到期月份的合约和上下游产品期货价格间多层次价差结构更能充分反映当前市场的主要矛盾，从而为企业判断市场形势提供了更为全面可靠的依据。     

低钙磷饲粮中添加耐热植酸酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响

为确认经基因工程改造而以酵母发酵生产的植酸酶添加在饲粮中对肉鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响,本文试验开展了黄羽肉仔鸡的饲养试验和代谢试验.配制3种等蛋白质等能量等钙磷比的玉米-豆粕型试验饲粮(20.5%、12.15 MJ/kg和1.25),其中正对照饲粮含钙0.95%和磷0.76%,负对照饲粮含钙0.61%和磷0.50%,植酸酶组饲粮为在负对照饲粮基础上添加植酸酶(5000 U/g)的饲粮(添加量100 g/t).在饲养试验中,540只2日龄粤黄雏鸡随机分为3个处理(每个处理3个重复,每个重复60只),分别饲喂3种试验饲粮,为期4周.在饲养试验结束时分别从每组每个重复栏中选择2只接近其组平均体重的仔鸡进行屠宰,取出其胫骨测定相关指标.在代谢试验中,从饲养试验结束后的正对照组中选取45只仔鸡随机分成3组(每组3个重复,每重复5只),饥饿48 h后的3组分别自由采食3种试验料5 d,连续收集各重复鸡的排泄物7 d.分别测定试验饲粮和各排泄物烘干样的概略营养成分.试验结果表明:(1)3组间的软脚病率和死亡率差异不显著(P＞0.05),植酸酶组和正对照组的耗料量分别较负对照组提高了2%(P＜0.05)和12%(P＜0.05),增重分别较负对照组提高了5%和13%(P＜0.05),植酸酶组的耗料增重较正和负对照的均降低了3%(P＜0.05);(2)植酸酶组的脱脂胫骨灰分率、含钙率和含磷率均与正对照组的差异不显著(P＞0.05),但都显著高于负对照(P＜0.05),分剐提高了19%、23%和27%;(3)植酸酶饲粮的表观代谢能、氮存留率、钙表观消化率和磷表现消化率均与正对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),但分别比负对照组提高了1%、5%、29%(P＜0.05)和12%.这表明,耐热植酸酶在低钙磷饲粮中添加可提高饲粮钙、磷、氮的利用率、耗料量和饲料转化率.从而提高黄羽肉鸡的生产性能.     

Cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders

Objectives To determine (1) the common types of canine splenic disorders, and the breeds affected, that are diagnosed by cytopathological and histopathological examination in Sydney, Australia and (2) the accuracy of cytopathological examination compared with histopathological examination for the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. Design 69 cytopathological and 51 histopathological diagnoses of canine splenic disorders presented to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, The University of Sydney during 2006 and 2007 were tabulated and analysed; 17 cases examined both cytopathologically and histopathologically during 2001–07 were also analysed. Results The most common cytopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (29%), followed by no abnormalities detectable (28%), malignant neoplasms (20%), equivocal diagnoses (20%) and inflammatory disorders (3%). The most common breeds were Kelpie crosses and mixed breeds. The most common histopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (49%), followed by malignant neoplasms (43%) and inflammatory disorders (8%). The most common breeds were German Shepherd Dogs, Boxers and Maltese Terriers. Cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses were in complete agreement in 59% of cases, partial agreement in 29% and disagreement in 12%. Conclusion Benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis were the most commonly diagnosed canine splenic disorders, both cytopathologically and histopathologically. Kelpie crosses presented most frequently for cytopathological examination. German Shepherd Dogs were the most common breed diagnosed histopathologically with haemangiosarcoma. Although cytopathological and histopathological splenic examinations are complementary for diagnosis, this study has shown a high correlation for complete and partial agreement between the two.     

气味载体的摆放形式对警犬同一认定作业的影响

目前,国内外对气味同一认定研究多集中于犬、气味及气味载体的材质等方面,对于气味载体摆放形式对警犬气味同一认定是否存在影响及有什么影响等研究不多;特别是气味载体的摆放形状、摆放间距等研究不多。本文通过实验,初步研究气味载体摆放形式对警犬进行气味同一认定作业影响,其结果对完善气味同一认定的训练方法有较大的参考价值。     

艰难梭菌毒素致病机理的研究进展

艰难梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性厌氧芽胞梭菌,是人类肠道感染的主要致病菌,其主要致病因素为毒素A(肠毒素)和毒素B(细胞毒素).毒素A引发细胞损伤后,毒素B即可侵入肠黏膜,引起细胞病变,导致一系列与感染相关的临床表现.同时,艰难梭菌毒素也是引起猪、鸡等畜禽发生腹泻的重要因素,因此探讨艰难梭菌毒素对机体的损伤作用,有利于揭示艰难梭菌的致病机理,为其防控提供理论依据.     

抚顺市中华蜜蜂产业发展初探

辽宁省抚顺市位于辽宁东部山区,地貌特征“八山一水一分田”,属中温带大陆性季风气候,年均降雨量760~790 mm,无霜期150 d左右,年均气温5~7℃。森林覆盖率达67.92%,野生植物133科970种以上,主要蜜源植物有椴树、槐树、杏条等,还有人参、细辛等药用蜜源植物。抚顺市中蜂养殖主要以抚顺、清原、新宾3县为主,而且历史悠久,现已初具规模。近几年,随着国家中蜂遗传资源保护工作的不断深入,以及国家蜂产业体系工作的开展,农民养殖积极性普遍高涨,抚顺市各级政府高度重视,投入了较大的人力物力,全市中蜂产业蓬勃发展,由最初的2000群余发展到近2万群,每年创经济效益超过5000万元。     

单核细胞增多性李氏杆菌人工感染绵羊试验

将人从病羊脑分离纯化的单核细胞增多性李氏杆菌经列脉接种于健康得奴绵羊３只,结果被感染绵羊均表现出与自然感染绵羊相同的临床症状和病理变化,并从脑、心血、淋巴结中回收到了单核细胞增钨生李氏杆菌,从而证明了该分离株单核细胞增多性李氏杆菌具有较强的致病性。     

PRRSV GP5蛋白在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

参照包含猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV) VR2332株完整ORF5基因的载体pMD18T-ORF5的核酸序列设计引物,扩增全长的PRRSV ORF5基因片段,同时以SOE-PCR技术扩增缺失信号肽和跨膜区的ORF5核酸片段ORF5NC,分别克隆至Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统的供体质粒pFastBac-HTA,获得重组转移载体pFastBacHTA-ORF5及截短表达的重组转移载体pFastBacHTA-ORF5NC。将供体质粒分别转化DH10Bac细胞,获得重组穿梭质粒,转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒。SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果表明,在Sf9细胞中分别成功表达了全长的GP5重组蛋白和缺失信号肽、跨膜区的截短GP5重组蛋白。2种重组蛋白经纯化后,免疫小鼠制备抗血清,ELISA方法检测免疫GP5全长和截短重组蛋白的小鼠血清中抗体滴度分别为1∶800和1∶1 600,表明重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。本试验为进一步分析重组蛋白诱导中和抗体产生的能力以及为PRRSV基因工程亚单位疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

Novel human H7N9 influenza virus in China

Outbreaks of H7N9 avian influenza in humans in 5 provinces and 2 municipalities of China have reawakened concern that avian influenza viruses may again cross species barriers to infect the human population and thereby initiate a new influenza pandemic. Evolutionary analysis shows that human H7N9 influenza viruses originated from the H9N2, H7N3 and H11N9 avian viruses, and that it is as a novel reassortment influenza virus. This article reviews current knowledge on 11 subtypes of influenza A virus from human which can cause human infections.