Autophagy is activated during glutamic acid-induced cortical neuron injury

AIM: To investigate whether autophagy is activated during glutamic acid-induced neuron injury and the possible neuroprotective effect of 3-methyl adenine(3-MA) (an autophagy inhibitor).METHODS: Glutamic acid or 3-MA was added to the medium of cultured cortical neurons. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The formation of autophagosome was observed under transmission electron microscope. The marker protein light chain 3(LC3) for autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence assay and visualized under laser confocal microscope.RESULTS: The cell viability declined during glutamic acid treatment and the autophagosomes were increased. LC3, the marker protein of autophagy, also significantly increased. The autophagy level was lowered by 3-MA, and cell viability was increased.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that autophagy is activated during glutamic acid treatment and inhibition of autophagy may have neuroprotective effect. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA may be a potential neuroprotective agent.     

NKX3.1 down-regulates bcl-2 gene expression in prostate cancer PC-3 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of NKX3.1 on the gene expression of bcl-2 and apoptosis in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1- NKX3.1 was transiently transfected into PC-3 cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of NKX3.1 on the expression of bcl-2 gene. Down-regulatory effect of NKX3.1 on bcl-2 gene was detected by EMSA. Flow cytometry and apoptotic body staining were carried out to study the effects of NKX3.1 on apoptosis of PC-3 cells. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression of bcl-2 in PC-3 cells was down-regulated by over-expression of NKX3.1. The EMSA result showed that NKX3.1 interacted with the NKX3.1 binding elements in upstream regulatory region of bcl-2 gene. The results of flow cytometry showed that the number of apoptotic PC-3 cells increased by 1.41-fold after NKX3.1 transfection to PC-3 cells. NKX3.1 increased the apoptotic bodies stained by Hoechst 33258 significantly. CONCLUSION: NKX3.1 down-regulates the expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and induces the apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 cells.     

不同浓度茼蒿器官水浸提液对西瓜种子发芽特性的影响

采用0.001、0.01、0.1 g?mL-1的干茼蒿根、茎叶、花水浸提液处理西瓜种子,测定其发芽势、发芽率及胚根鲜质量,研究茼蒿水浸提液对西瓜种子的化感抑制率。结果表明：不同浓度茼蒿器官（根、茎叶、花）水浸提液对西瓜种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,随处理浓度升高,抑制作用越强,发芽势、发芽率、胚根鲜质量均低于对照,因此,茼蒿水浸提液浓度在0.001～0.1 g?mL-1对西瓜种子萌发存在明显的化感作用。     

转几丁质酶和(-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因提高棉花对枯萎病和黄萎病的抗性

枯、黄萎病是世界棉花生产中的两大重要病害.传统育种缺乏抗源,几丁质酶和(-1,3-葡聚糖酶是植物防御体系中的两种防卫因子,两者之间存在协同增效作用.据此构建了4个单价和2个双价基因(分别定位于细胞内或细胞外)的植物表达载体,通过花粉管通道法转化棉花,经PCR和Southern杂交检测以及1996(2000年温室及病圃多代筛选鉴定,已培育出对枯、黄萎病抗性提高的转基因棉花株系.将抗病基因导入国产抗虫棉品种GK19中,还获得了兼抗病、虫的转基因优系.     

纯中药制剂"球宁"对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病的疗效试验

用纯中药制剂球宁(由青蒿、仙鹤草、硫磺等组成)防治鸡球虫病。结果表明纯中药制剂球宁对鸡球虫病有良好的防治作用，以1％添加剂量组最好，ACl为199．6．并能提高增重率。     

鸡胚精原干细胞定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞

研究体外定向诱导鸡胚精原干细胞(spetmatogonial stem cells,SSCs)向脂肪细胞分化的能力.取孵化16 d的鸡(Gallus gallus)胚睾丸,提取SSCs,体外培养和传代.采用不同的诱导程序和不同组合的诱导剂(地塞米松、胰岛素和3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine,IBMX))诱导SSCs向脂肪细胞分化.结果显示,诱导SSCs7～2l d后,分化成脂肪细胞,其中地塞米松、胰岛素和IBMX联合使用3 d后更换为胰岛素作用l d,经过3次循环后,用胰岛素继续处理至21 d,这一方法的诱导分化效果较好,分化率为85%.高于诱导剂联合协同作用的诱导效果(P<0.01).同时诱导剂联合作用协同作用的诱导效果高于单独作用的诱导效果(P<0.01).诱导的脂肪细胞经特异性的油红O染色为阳性,并高表达脂肪细胞标志基因PPARγ.表明SSCs体外培养传代后仍具有多向分化潜能,在特异性化学物质的诱导下,可被定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞.     

江苏主要观赏竹种的形态特征及其园林配置Ⅱ.箣竹属等9个属

简要地论述了江苏省箣竹属等9个属观赏竹的17个竹种、4个变种与变型的形态特征、分布以及栽培技术与园林配置和经济利用价值.     

壶山风景区马尾松枯死原因初探

林分密度大、树种单一、松树生长衰弱、松褐天牛危害严重引起松树流脂是浙江武义县壶山风景区马尾松枯死的原因。防治松褐天牛，加强抚育管理，调整林分结构，是壶山风景区发展的有效措施。     

紫金山森林资源动态分析

根据近40a南京紫金山5次森林资源调查的资料，分析了当地森林资源变化规律，认为紫金山森林资源的质量正逐步提高。有林地面积从1953年的1101．0hm^2增加到2002年的2107．6hm^2，疏林地和灌木林地明显减少，从1986年到2002年均净增率分别达-35．22％和-41．90％，森林覆盖率由1953年的36．0％增加到2002年的70．2％，年均增长速度为1．37％，蓄积量年均增长速度为3．52％。