不同配方培养料对双孢蘑菇产量的影响

采用二次发酵隧道技术处理不同配方培养料,以不同含氮量和不同石膏含量的双孢蘑菇培养料为研究对象,对其进行建堆发酵、接种养菌、出菇管理,并对其进行堆肥温度、菌丝生长速度、培养料含氮量和生物学效率的测定和分析。结果表明,以高产、高生物学效率为目标结合生产成本因素,最后确定含氮量1.3%、石膏含量2%、石灰含量2%、磷肥含量1.5%的培养料更适于应用生产。     

Semiochemicals of the common bed bug,Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), and their potential for use in monitoring and control

The recent resurgence of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has driven an increase in research into the biology and behaviour of this pest. Current control is reliant on the application of insecticides, but, owing to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. Semiochemicals (behaviour‐ and physiology‐modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. The aim of this review was to evaluate studies undertaken in bed bug chemical ecology to date, with particular reference to how the research could be exploited for monitoring and control. Bed bugs, like many other insects, have a complex olfactory system. Recent studies have characterised the olfactory sensilla, located on the terminal segment of the antennae, to functional classes by electrophysiological screening. Behavioural studies have revealed the presence of an alarm pheromone and potential airborne aggregation semiochemicals, but it is not yet understood if bed bugs use a sex pheromone during mating. Host location cues have been investigated, and carbon dioxide has been found to be highly attractive both in laboratory and in field studies. Recent field trials have tested blends of other potential kairomones, which have been shown to have an additive effect when used in a heated bed bug trap with carbon dioxide. The trap, which combines heat and kairomones, is the only trap currently available with proven efficacy in the field. In order for semiochemicals to be useful for bed bug management, an increased knowledge and understanding of the biology, behaviour and chemical ecology of this insect is essential. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

杭州西湖风景区夏季观花植物种类及应用分析

对杭州西湖风景区夏季观花植物的种类和应用现状进行实地调查,分析了西湖风景区夏季观花植物景观应用形式,并针对存在的问题提出建设性意见,可为园林建设中的夏季植物造景提供参考。     

中国青海湖地区草地蝗虫与土壤的关系

A growth chamber study was conducted to determine the relationships between the supply of soil available nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） and canola （Brassica napus） and wheat （Triticum aestivum L. ‘Biggar＇） N and S uptake and yield in three Western Canadian soils. The suitability of one-hour burial with an anion exchange membrane （AEM） was assessed for its utility as a quick test of the available N：S balance in the soil. Canola and wheat were grown on a Luvisolic soil low in available S and on Brown and Black Chernozemic soils low in both available N and S, with different rates and combinations of N and S fertilizers applied. AEM burial was used to assess soil available nitrate and sulfate supply rates after fertilization. Dry matter yield and N and S concentrations in plant tissues were determined after 6 weeks of growth. The soil available N：S ratio determined by AEM burial closely reflected the relative supplies of available N and S as revealed in the N：S ratios of plant tissue dry matter. The highest yields were achieved where the available N：S ratio in soil and plant tissue ranged from 5 to 13. Thus, a one-hour burial of an AEM probe in the field may be a useful tool to quickly test if a balanced N and S supply is present in the soil for optimum crop yield.     

云南大理洱海流域农业面源污染防治和生态补偿实践

洱海是大理人民赖以生存和发展的"母亲湖",保护洱海是全州实现可持续发展的前提和基础,保护洱海就是保护大理发展的根基。"治湖先治污,治污先治源"。近年来大理州委、州政府及流域各级农业部门高度重视洱海农业面源污染防治及生态补偿工作,总结、提炼了一些成功的生态补偿经验和做法,特别是在种养结构调整、测土配方施肥、畜禽粪便资源化利用、农产品质量安全、稻田养殖生态鱼等方面实施了大量的以项目形式的生态补偿实践,同时在生态补偿的理论、政策、措施,补偿对象、补偿方式、补偿资金等方面作了初步探索,取得了明显成效,洱海流域农业面源污染控制初步实现了"控源、减排、循环、利用"的目标。本文通过总结大理州近年来以项目形式实施的农业生态补偿机制体制的经验,旨在为保护高原湖泊实施农业生态补偿提供科技支撑。     

土拉霉素在猪体内残留消除规律的研究

本研究旨在分析土拉霉素在猪体内的残留消除规律并为制定休药期提供依据。采用猪颈部一次性肌内注射土拉霉素注射液,注射剂量为2.5mg.kg-1体质量,分别在给药后第0.5,5,12,18,25,36,48天,各宰杀5头取样。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,C18固相萃取柱(SPE)净化后用高效液相色谱—串联质谱仪分析。结果显示,给药后第0.5天注射部位药物浓度最高,第36天所有组织的药物浓度均低于最高残留限量(MRL)。用WinNonlin软件分析各组织中的消除动力学参数,消除快慢依次为注射部位,肝脏,皮脂,肌肉,肺脏和肾脏,其消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为117.06,193.14,197.60,207.64,228.99和232.61h。肺脏的药时曲线下面积(AUC)为1 220.59μg.h.g-1仅次于注射部位及肾脏,显著高于肌肉,肝脏及皮脂。由于肾脏为代谢器官,因此可确定肺脏为土拉霉素作用的靶部位。根据欧美等国家对土拉霉素制定的最高残留限量,计算得注射部位的休药期最长,为33d。结果提示土拉霉素注射液吸收迅速,体内分布广,作用时间长。建议休药期为33d。     

淹没线上剩余耕地质量评价及其对移民生产安置任务的影响

移民生产安置任务的确定与大型水电站的建设及移民的生产生活密切相关。以大岗山水电站淹没线上剩余的77块耕地为例,对线上剩余耕地质量评价及其对移民生产安置任务的影响进行了探讨。研究结果表明,线上剩余耕地质量主要受海拔、耕地类型、坡度和土壤类型的影响,线上剩余耕地质量评价前后移民生产安置任务分别为2 569人和3 187人。进行线上剩余耕地质量评价后,大岗山水电站淹没影响区的移民安置任务增加了24.06%。通过线上剩余耕地质量评价,能更科学合理地确定移民生产安置任务,对移民安置工作的顺利进行有重要的意义。     

从土壤中分离获得的五氯硝基苯降解菌株降解五氯硝基苯特性研究

A bacterial strain,pcnb-21,capable of degrading pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB) under aerobic and anoxic conditions,was isolated from a long-term PCNB-polluted soil by an enrichment culture technique and identified as Labrys portucalensis based upon its morphological,physiological and biochemical properties,as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Effects of different factors,such as temperature and pH,on PCNB biodegradation were studied.Strain pcnb-21 efficiently degraded PCNB at temperatures from 20 to 30 ℃ and initial pH values from 4 to 7,which might be the first time that a Labrys strain was found capable of efficiently degrading PCNB.The degradation of PCNB was affected by oxygen,and the degradation decreased with increasing aeration.Exogenous electron donors such as glucose,lactic acid and succinic acid promoted the biodegradation of PCNB,while electron acceptors such as sodium nitrite,sodium sulfate,sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate inhibited PCNB biodegradation.The degradation of PCNB in sterile and non-sterile soils by a green fluorescent protein(GFP)-labeled strain,pcnb-21-gfp,was also studied.Cells of pcnb-21-gfp efficiently degraded 100 mg kg -1 PCNB in sterile and non-sterile soils and could not be detected after 42 days.Strain pcnb-21 might be useful in bioremediating PCNB-polluted soils and environment.     

植被混凝土在采石场生态恢复中的应用

针对目前我国众多采石场面临的生态问题,以广州岑村东升采石场的生态治理为例,通过具体工程项目的实施,详细介绍了植被混凝土在采石场生态恢复治理中的施工工艺流程及应用前景,并提出了在我国南方等亚热带地区进行采石场生态恢复、岩质边坡绿化工程施工的治理思路和植物应用搭配的基本原则,从而为同类型采石场的生态恢复、混凝土或岩质边坡绿...     

紫锥菊、黄芪对法氏囊病雏鸡的肝损伤及脾脏NK细胞活性的影响

给14日龄雏鸡灌服不同浓度紫锥菊、黄芪合剂,连续灌服7d,21日龄时雏鸡接种传染性法氏囊病病毒(IB-DV),来观察雏鸡血液转氨酶活性及脾脏NK细胞活性的变化。结果显示,攻毒后4d和攻毒后11d时用药组与攻毒对照组相比,谷草转氨酶(Ast)、谷丙转氨酶(Alt)均有所降低,差异显著(P<0.05);攻毒后11d时Ast/Alt比值极显著低于攻毒对照组(P<0.01)。脾脏NK细胞活性在感染后14d,高剂量组活性极显著高于攻毒对照组和空白对照组(P<0.01),感染21d后各组差异不显著。结果表明,紫锥菊、黄芪合剂在雏鸡感染IBDV后12d前后一段时间可显著降低传染性法氏囊病病毒对肝脏造成的损伤,促进脾脏NK细胞的活性,增强机体的防御功能,有利于该疾病的防治。