自然保护区管理学若干问题研究

研究了自然保护区管理学研究的技术路线、研究对象、学科性质和特点;阐述了其研究的主要内容;讨论了自然保护区管理学分支学科体系及其与其他学科的关系;指出了自然保护区管理学研究的意义。     

利用沙尘暴进行荒漠化草原表土再造技术原理及实践

依据风沙学原理,利用沙尘暴现象对内蒙古荒漠草原进行了表层土壤再造试验。采用地表撒松散杂草(秸秆)后用尼龙网罩固定的方法,拦截沙尘暴所携带的尘土。再造后的土壤掩埋了裸露的植物根系和地表面的砾石,比对照土壤有效锌增加114.8%、有机质增加33.3%、全氮增加77.1%、有效磷增加150.0%、速效钾增加7.8%、pH值降低了1.3%。此方法为如何利用沙尘暴这一自然现象开辟了新的思路。     

UV-Fenton法降解废水中苯酚的研究

［目的］探索紫外光助Fenton法降解废水中苯酚的效果。［方法］研究H2O2 和FeSO4 加入量、pH值及反应时间对苯酚降解率的影响。［结果] 试验结果得出,采用紫外光助Fenton法处理浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚废水,最佳条件为H2O2 浓度为3.0 mmol/L; FeSO4 浓度为0.3 mmol/L; pH值3.5。降解行为符合一级反应动力学,其反应速率常数为0.077 7 min^-1。［结论］UV-Fenton法是一种非常有效的去除废水中苯酚的方法。     

部分景天属植物DNA条形码引物的筛选

[目的]对景天属植物分类所需用的相关DNA条形码引物进行筛选。[方法]以景天属(Sedum)中的佛甲草、八宝景天、华北景天、费菜、垂盆草5种植物为研究材料,采用CTAB法分步提取核DNA和叶绿体DNA,PCR扩增筛选引物,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物。[结果]从psb A-trn H、rop B、rbc L、rpo C1、ITS 2、mat K 6个候选序列引物中初步筛选出适合景天属植物DNA条形码的4对引物——psb A-trn H、rop B、rpo C1、ITS 2,这4对引物的扩增率均达到100%。[结论]为景天属植物DNA条形码研究提供相关依据。     

藿芪灌注液质量标准研究

目的建立藿芪灌注液质量标准.方法采用薄层色谱法对处方中淫羊藿、红花、丹参与益母草进行TLC定性鉴别;使用WondaSil C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相∶乙腈-水(28∶72),柱温40℃,检测波长270nm,进样量10μL,流速1.0mL/min测定淫羊藿苷的含量;使用ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),漂移管温度为90℃,载气流速为2.5L/min,流动相∶甲醇-水(65∶35),柱温40℃,流速1mL/min,用蒸发光散射检测器测定黄芪甲苷的含量.结果 TLC鉴别色谱图分离效果好,阴性对照无干扰,专属性强,重复性好;测定淫羊藿苷与黄芪甲苷含量表明,分别在2.336~58.4μg/mL(r=0.999 9)和0.047 8~0.478mg/mL(r=0.999 6)范围内与峰面积成较好的线性关系;其平均加样回收率分别为100.2%,RSD=0.45%和99.26%,RSD=1.46%.结论所建立的特征图谱专属性强、准确可行、简便、可快速用于定性鉴别、定量检测,可有效地用于该制剂的质量控制方法.     

The lipid compositions of two isolates of Cladosporium cucumerinum do not explain their differences in sensitivity to fungicides which inhibit sterol biosynthesis

Isolate 840905 of Cladosporium cucumerinum, when grown on agar or in liqiud medium, was sensitive to triadimenol, HWG 1608 (tebuconazole), fenpropimorph and pimaricin but relatively resistant to terbinafine. Conversely, isolate 49628 was sensitive to terbinafine but relatively resistant to the other fungicides. Changes in sterol composition following treatment with the fungicides reflected the known modes of action of each fungicide. When individual enantiomers of triadimenol were tested against isolate 840905 the order of activity in reducing mycelial growth was 1 S, 2R > 1R, 2R > 1R, 2S ≈? 1S, 2S, and this was paralleled by the depletion of ergosterol and the appearance of 14α-methyl sterols. Isolate 49628 had a greater saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio than did isolate 840905 but no major changes in fatty acid composition of either isolate were induced by fungicide treatment. There appears to be no obvious explanation for the differences in fungicide sensitivity of the isolates in terms of their lipid compositions.     

Spongiotic vesicular dermatitis as a cutaneous reaction pattern in seven horses

Over a 6-year period seven adult horses of different breeds and genders developed multifocal, exudative, oozing dermatitis characterized histologically by epidermal spongiotic vesicles and perivascular eosinophilic, neutrophilic and mixed mononuclear inflammation. Three horses were pruritic. Systemic disease was not noted. Two horses had a history of recurrent urticaria (hives) and one horse had nodules or welt-type lesions that progressed to exudative, oozing lesions. Interepithelial immunoglobulin (Ig)G was detected by avidin-biotin complex-peroxidase staining, but the pattern of staining was more consistent with epithelial oedema than specific IgG deposition associated with pemphigus. The exudative oozing lesions developed under circumstances suggesting that dermal oedema progressed to intracellular and intercellular epidermal oedema, which in turn progressed to the spongiotic vesicular epidermal lesions.     

Metal chelate molluscicides: The redistribution of iron diazaalkanolates from the gut lumen of the slug,Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Pulmonata: Limacidae)

Two related iron chelates, one toxic to slugs by ingestion, the other not, were introduced into the foregut of D. reticulatum. The subsequent movement and redistribution of the metal within the slug tissues was studied by labelling the chelates with the radioactive isotope ⁵⁵Fe. In slugs which survived treatment approximately half of the ⁵⁵Fe was voided in faeces. The iron retained became unevenly distributed, the highest concentration occurring in the digestive gland, irrespective of the chelate used. At high doses, slugs treated with tris(1-oxo-1,2-diazabutan-2-oxido)Fe(III) were fatally poisoned while those treated with the homologue, tris(1-oxo-1,2-diazaoctan-2-oxido)Fe(III) were not. Slugs killed by the toxic chelate consistently contained proportionally less iron in the digestive gland and proportionally more in the body wall and reproductive system. Dosing slugs already killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation gave a similar pattern, suggesting that the greater mobility of the iron from the toxic chelate was not a function of the slugs' metabolism.