Potential use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for pine species discrimination by examination of needles

The correct identification of pine species is necessary for proper application of wood in forest?based industries, since the quality of each species’ wood depends on factors intrinsic to the material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of near?infrared and visible spectroscopy in the discrimination of pine species planted in southern Brazil. Needles of Pinus clausa, P. glabra, P. kesiya, P. oocarpa, P. palustris, P. pseudostrobus, P. rigida, P. roxburghii and P. serotina were collected from experimental plantations located in the region of Rio Negro, Paraná, Brazil. The needles were dried and milled for analysis. The evaluation was performed with a spectral range of 400–750?nm (visible) and 1 000–2 500?nm (near?infrared). Analysis using the visible spectra resulted in two principal components explaining 95% of the variation between the needle samples. In the near?infrared analysis, it was possible to discriminate between all nine pine species studied using only two principal components, where the first explained 99% of the variation between species. Spectroscopy based on needles can be used for pine species discrimination, using the original data without mathematical treatment, in southern Brazil.     

关于货位可移动式货架立体仓库的探讨

在现有自动化立体仓库设备的基础上提出了一种新型的以货位可移动式货架为核心的自动化仓库作业方案,阐述了该模式下实现货物自动入库、出库的工作原理以及相关的拣货方法和机械设备的选择.并通过与几种不同设备的比较得出该方案的优势,为现代物流自动化仓库的发展提出了新的思想理念.     

酶的选择性纯化及酶解制备木低聚糖的研究

采用沉淀剂的Ｈ处理木聚糖酶及纤维素酶以除去大部分β－木糖苷酶,以及酶解制备木低聚糖的研究结果。研究表明,当酶液中沉淀剂Ｈ的孢和度为５０％时,处理效果最佳。     

果胶酶在黑加伦果汁加工中的应用技术研究

应用Ｅｃ３．２．１．５果胶酶以正交试验法对黑加伦果浆进行不同条件的处理,并且考虑到果汁加工的实际情况,选择出了最适的酶处理技术及参数,即在４５℃条件下用６０μｇ／ｇ酶处理黑加伦原果浆４ｈ,可提高黑加果汁出汁率１０％,并对酶的处理过程进行了动力学分析。     

试论乾隆十二年山东水灾与灾后应对

乾隆12年（1747）,山东90余州县卫所遭受了特大水灾,被灾面积几乎遍及全省,出现了严重的粮食短缺。清廷首要任务是有效地解决粮食供应问题,迅速采取周边省份协济仓谷、截留漕粮和捐纳贡监等举措,并积极号召地方士绅参与,同时变通现行政策,缓解了山东灾情,显示了此时国家行政运转的高效率。     

几种中微量元素肥料对烤烟产量及品质的影响

2011年,在吉林省大安市、洮南市和镇赉县分别进行了大田烤烟,锰、硼、钼、锌和镁肥的施肥量和施用方法的试验研究。试验结果表明:在锰、硼、钼、锌和镁等中微量元素有效含量缺乏的烟田中,增施适量的中微肥,能够促进烤烟的营养均衡并在此基础上促进其生长;能够提高土壤和叶片中相应的中微量元素含量;烤烟的经济效益也随之得到提高。从试验长势看,所有试验中微肥都比对照好,喷施比基施表现要好,基施中硼、钼、锌、镁表现比较好,喷施中硼、钼、镁、钾+钼、钾+锌表现最好;从烘烤质量上看,不论基施的还是喷施的钼都表现得最好。     

A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes

Genome-sequencing studies indicate that all humans carry many genetic variants predicted to cause loss of function (LoF) of protein-coding genes, suggesting unexpected redundancy in the human genome. Here we apply stringent filters to 2951 putative LoF variants obtained from 185 human genomes to determine their true prevalence and properties. We estimate that human genomes typically contain ~100 genuine LoF variants with ~20 genes completely inactivated. We identify rare and likely deleterious LoF alleles, including 26 known and 21 predicted severe disease-causing variants, as well as common LoF variants in nonessential genes. We describe functional and evolutionary differences between LoF-tolerant and recessive disease genes and a method for using these differences to prioritize candidate genes found in clinical sequencing studies.     

西藏主要农区农田土壤肥力研究

西藏地质历史比较年轻,因而土壤的形成也较晚。由于喜马拉雅山造山运动和多次的冰期和间冰期的发生,青藏高原不断加速抬升,气候变干变冷。洪积物、坡积物、冰积物、湖积物和冰水沉积物在气候、生物、物理、化学和人类活动的作用下不断演变,在不同的地型部位形成多种类型的土壤,且具有鲜明的高原特色。耕地是土壤资源的精华,它是在自然土壤的基础上,经过长期的人类耕作、灌溉、施肥等措施逐步演化而成的,由于各地气候、成土母质、成土条件、耕作方式、栽培历史等的不同,耕地的类型、质量、肥力状况差异较大[1,2]。西藏全区共有耕地约32万hm2,…