低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种叶片膜脂过氧化及保护酶

利用砂培方法,研究了耐低磷水稻品种（大粒稻、莲塘早3号）和低磷敏感水稻品种（沪占七、新三百粒）在低磷胁迫下,水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的变化。研究结果表明,低磷胁迫使水稻叶片膜脂过氧化加剧,低磷敏感水稻品种的叶片膜脂过氧化程度高于耐低磷水稻品种;耐低磷品种叶片中SOD、CAT和POD活性在低磷胁迫期间相对稳定,而低磷敏感品种在低磷胁迫初期均有明显增加,尔后又快速下降,这表明保护酶的绝对活性与低磷胁迫无关,而变化趋势与低磷胁迫有关。     

基于多模型测度的内蒙古土地利用动态变化分析

以1997、2005和2014年3期土地利用数据为基础,采用多模型测度的分析方法,对内蒙古自治区土地利用类型的动态变化幅度、变化速度及状态趋势进行定量分析。从变化幅度上看,近20年内蒙古自治区土地利用类型发生了明显的变化,草地面积大幅减少,耕地、林地、建设用地、水域和其他土地面积有所增加,其中林地和其他土地增幅较大,园地保持相对稳定;从动态变化上看,内蒙古自治区土地利用动态度变化具有明显的阶段性特征,基本上各用地类型在2005—2014阶段年均变化激烈于1997—2005阶段;从状态趋势上看,整个研究阶段内蒙古土地利用状态指数为0.35,表现为小幅扩张的变化趋势。未来内蒙古土地利用格局将随着人类活动的加剧和自然因素的作用会发生新的变化。     

金鳟发眼卵孵化及苗种培育试验

本首次报道了金鳟发眼卵孵化技术，孵化水温5－11℃，积温达到140－180度日破膜孵出稚鱼，孵化率北京房山78．0％，黑龙江渤海75．8％，经20－40d胚后发育上浮平游开食。同时介绍了苗种培育技术和管理方法。     

黄河未来输沙量态势及其适用性对策

[目的] 探索黄河输沙预测的新思路,预估黄河未来输沙态势与输沙量水平,为黄河流域生态治理规划提供参考。[方法] 结合黄河流域水土保持生态修复现状,采用单累积曲线法、滑动平均及频率分析方法,分析1950—2019年黄河主要来沙区间的实测输沙量变化特征及其未来态势。[结果] 1950—2019年黄河输沙量呈现阶梯式减少。1950—2019年黄河中游各站累积实测输沙量随时间的变化可用“左半抛物线”表征。黄河输沙量自1997年以来已进入相对稳定态势,目前已达企稳状态;黄河潼关站未来年输沙量在90%频率下为1.00×10⁸ t左右,在10%频率下为5.00×10⁸ t左右,未来多年平均输沙量为1.40×10⁸ t。[结论] 为了维持黄河输沙量低稳状态,提升水土保持措施质量与标准,补齐“后水土保持”短板,构建完善的水沙关系调控体系,维持黄河下游河道冲淤平衡,是黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的保障。     

大叶黄杨尺蠖的发生规律及防治对策

大叶黄杨尺蠖是绿篱上的重要害虫之一。在吴江地区大叶黄杨尺蠖1年发生3~4代,以2代幼虫危害最为严重。4.5%高绿宝EC 3 000倍液和1.1%绿浪EC 1 000倍液药后9 d防效为100%,55%杀苏DP 1 000倍液防效为95.3%。     

螺旋榨油机关键设计的探讨

螺旋榨油机作为目前使用最广泛的榨油机械，其具有连续化、单机处理量大等特点，一般应用在高含油料的一次压榨以及预榨工艺中。为此，对螺旋榨油机的关键设计进行了探讨，从物料特性与机械结构相结合的角度讨论了压榨结构的设计过程，主要从物料的压榨特性，榨膛、榨排、榨螺的设计及理论压缩比的确定等方面展开阐述。     

Bioprospection of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as Biocontrol Agents Against Vibrio campbellii and Their Use in White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture

Vibrio spp. are the most common and harmful shrimp pathogenic bacteria; however, microalgae and cyanobacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances against these species. In this study, the organic and aqueous extracts of 28 species of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria were screened against Vibrio campbellii M1. Two of these phytoplankton species with antibacterial activity in aqueous extracts (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Skeletonema costatum) and nontoxic to brine shrimp Artemia franciscana nauplii were used to evaluate their anti‐Vibrio effect when used as green‐water cultures in Vibrio‐challenged white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultures. No differences in mortality of juvenile L. vannamei were observed between treatments tested, suggesting that the pathogenicity of V. campbellii could be related to the growth stage of shrimp. The proximal composition of D. tertiolecta and S. costatum was in the recommended range for penaeid shrimp nutrition, allowing shrimp supplemented with these microalgae to have significantly greater total length and weight than control shrimp. Shrimp supplemented with S. costatum presented the highest values of organic mass (11.48 mg/organism) and growth rate (0.31 mg/d) in comparison to D. tertiolecta. These results indicate that microalgae are not only capable of producing antibacterial compounds against Vibrio but can also help shrimp nutrition.     

某连续刚构桥的施工阶段结构分析

随着西部大开发的深入,贵州、广西等山岭地区的道路桥梁等交通建设进入了快速发展时期,而鉴于上述地区山高沟深的特点,高墩大跨连续刚构桥被广泛应用,本文结合工程实例对连续刚构桥的设计理论进行了探讨。     

Efficiency of methods applied for goat estrous synchronization in subtropical monsoonal climate zone of Southwest China

Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF_2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF_2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively.     

北京杨人工林及其环境系统水分运动,交换和贮存的生理生态学模型

从土壤(S)-植物(P)-大气(A)连续系统的观点出发,在处理1986和1988两年实测数据,确定一批参数和函数关系并建立逻辑结构图的基础上,编制程序用微机对北京杨SPAC系统的水分吸收、贮存、水势和蒸腾等生理生态学指标和土壤含水量的短期(10天)变化做了逐时和逐日预测。结果表明,通过微机实现的短期预测结果能较好地反映实际,各项相对误差一般在8％以下,个别最大的也不超过15％。本模型除理论意义外,还可用于预测苗圃地10天内土壤水分的变化,有助于指导灌溉实践。