山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理现状

为了解山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理发展现状,优化管理政策措施,开展了畜禽屠宰管理现状调查。调查发现:青岛市肉食消费以猪肉为主,牛、羊、禽、兔肉为副;全市现有生猪定点屠宰企业20家,年屠宰量约220万头;家禽屠宰企业4家,年屠宰量2亿只;牛羊屠宰企业6家,年屠宰量2万头。通过对青岛市畜禽屠宰企业监管体系和追溯体系建设,以及无害化处理等内容进行调研分析,指出当前存在代宰模式隐患多、监管责任难厘清、规范管理待完善等问题,并由此提出严格代宰管理,探索"两检合一"措施,改善产品追溯体系,完善行业管理规定,引导健康消费及加大资金投入等发展建议。     

厦门市忠仑公园药用植物园规划设计初步探析

随着景观改造的多样性,药用植物园也成为城市园林营造景观的一种方式。厦门市忠仑公园集科普、教育、观赏功能为一体,药用植物园区景观改造以人为本,以科普教育为宗旨,在保证药用植物景观的基本功能的前提下,塑造优美的景观,既能弘扬中华民族药用文化知识,又能为周边居民提供一个互动学习科普知识、修养身心的场所。     

新常态下完善新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的思考

新常态下国内棉花产业面临诸多机遇和挑战,特别是2014年以来,国家连续两年在新疆实施棉花目标价格补贴政策,为完善我国农产品市场调控政策体系积累了宝贵的经验。梳理近年来国内棉花产业面临的新常态,分析了目标价格政策的作用机制,总结政策实施效果和问题,并为完善操作办法和措施提出建议。     

Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud,tiller and shoot production

Extreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

白三叶返园对苹果园土壤微生物群落的影响

为了解苹果(Malus pumila)园中覆盖和埋置白三叶(Trifolium repens)对土壤微生物群落的影响,采用尼龙袋法将新鲜的白三叶覆盖和埋置到苹果园中,分别在白三叶降解1、3、6个月时,利用Biolog微平板法检测土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。结果表明,覆盖和埋置白三叶均可使苹果园土壤微生物代谢活性显著提高(P0.05),微生物的多样性除6个月外显著增加、丰富度显著增加,均匀度显著降低(P0.05),群落结构发生变化,且覆草处理大于埋草,同时,白三叶降解时间的长短也影响土壤微生物群落。土壤微生物群落主成分分析结果显示,不同返园方式间主要对羧酸类碳源的利用有差异,而导致不同降解时间土壤微生物群落代谢差异的主要是糖类。说明在苹果园覆盖和埋置白三叶可改变土壤微生物群落,而覆盖白三叶对微生物群落结构的改善情况显著优于埋置白三叶。     

枸杞的微波干燥特性及其对品质的影响

为了缩短枸杞的干燥时间、节约干燥成本,运用微波试验装置,通过选择不用的干燥功率和物料铺放厚度,研究了枸杞微波干燥特性及其对干燥后产品品质的影响。研究结果表明:微波干燥作用于枸杞干燥降速干燥阶段可以大幅缩短枸杞干燥周期,微波组合干燥较自然晾晒缩短时间约65h,约占自然晾晒干燥周期的72%;干燥功率和物料层厚度是影响微波干燥时间的重要因素,微波功率越大,物料层厚度越小,则物料干燥时间越短;不同的微波干燥参数对干后产品品质有不同影响,微波功率为1k W,当物料层厚度平铺为2cm时,干燥后产品多糖保存率和感官品质最好。     

黄淮海地区大豆生产机械化现状与发展趋势

机械化在大豆全程生产中发挥着重要作用。为此,针对黄淮海地区大豆机械化生产现状,分析了目前大豆机械化生产中存在的问题,对大豆产业发展,从"种子处理技术""机械化精密平播免中耕技术""科学施肥,合理使用杀虫剂和除草剂""大力推广大豆机械化收获技术"等方面简要阐述黄淮海地区大豆生产全程机械化的发展趋势。