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11.
Masahide Aikawa Motoharu Suzuki Takatoshi Hiraki Motonori Tamaki Akira Kondo Hitoshi Mukai Kentato Murano 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,182(1-4):91-105
We intensively surveyed the concentrations of chemical species in aerosols and gases using a four-stage filter-pack method at a site in Japan facing the Sea of Japan in winter with 6-h sample intervals. A few chloride species emitted anthropogenically were detected, and the HCl (g) concentration was quite low. The number of chloride species artifacts was also low. The HNO3 (g) concentration was significantly higher when the monitored air mass passed over the Korean Peninsula compared to when it did not pass over the Korean Peninsula. In addition, the HNO3 (g) concentration was significantly higher when the air mass arrived at the monitoring site by passing the route at lower latitude than the latitude of the monitoring site. On the other hand, the SO2 (g) concentration showed no change between various trajectories of the air mass. The $ {\text{NH}}^{ + }_{4} $ (p)/non-seasalt- (nss-) $ {\text{SO}}^{{2 - }}_{4} $ (p) ratio was intermediate between the compositions of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4 when the air mass passed over the Korean Peninsula, whereas it was intermediate between NH4HSO4 and H2SO4 when the air mass did not pass over the Korean Peninsula. We detected the transboundary transport of sulfur dioxide with high time-resolution monitoring at two separate monitoring points: the current monitoring site and Oki Island. 相似文献
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Sanae Asano Kohei Aoki Yuna Kaizuka Yuhi Kobayashi Kenta Watanabe Chizuko Kato Chihiro Saito Syuichi Nishimura Toshiaki Kato Motonori Takagi Hiroshi Kajikawa 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(11):1453-1459
We evaluated the lotus rhizome as a potential ruminant feed by investigating its compositional properties, in situ degradation profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics with ruminal microbes, in comparison with cereal grains (corn, barley and wheat). The antioxidative activities in the lotus rhizome were also estimated. The soluble fraction of dry matter in lotus tuber was >70%, which was higher than those in the grains. The insoluble fraction in lotus tuber was not degraded by ruminal microbes in accord with a first‐order reaction. In an in vitro experiment, lotus tuber showed lower fermentation at 8 hr compared to the grains, but exhibited higher productions of gas and VFA at 48 hr along with a lower lactate and higher pH. The lower value of final lactate production in lotus tuber, indicating the metabolic capacity for lactate utilization retained, suggests a lower risk of ruminal acidosis compared to grains. Lotus rhizome had high antioxidant activities, with the foliar bud showing the strongest ferric reducing antioxidant power, followed in order by the apical bud, node, residual tuber, edible tuber, and nodal root. For ruminants, the lotus rhizome could thus be not only an energy feed but also the source of natural antioxidants. 相似文献
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14.
Aikawa Masahide Hiraki Takatoshi Shoga Mitsuru Tamaki Motonori 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,157(1-4):225-244
Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - A monitoring network for acid deposition that consisted of five sites in Hyogo, Japan, and covered a region of about 100 km × 100 km revealed the spatial... 相似文献
15.
Masahide Aikawa Takatoshi Hiraki Mitsuru Shoga Motonori Tamaki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):373-393
Fog chemistry was studied for four years (April 1997–March 2001) at Mt. Rokko (altitude 931 m) in Kobe, Japan. A collection of samples was obtained at a mountainous site close to a highly industrialized area. The samples were collected by an active string-fog collector. The summer fog was dense and frequent. The geography of Mt. Rokko is linked to the seasonality of the occurrence and the thickness of the fog. Among the meteorological parameters, the relative humidity was important for the occurrence of fog. The correlation of the concentrations of the components in fog water indicated that (NH4)2SO4 and/or NH4HSO4 were involved in the process of the formation of fog drops in the atmosphere. The concentration of the components decreased with an increase in the liquid water content (LWC) of the fog, and the seasonal variation of the concentration of some components depended on the seasonal variation of the LWC. The equivalent ratio of NO3 ? to non-sea salt (nss?) SO4 2? was considerably larger than that in precipitation. Ammonium ion accounted for the largest percentage of cations, which indicates that NH4 + was an important counter cation for NO3 ? and nss-SO4 2?. A unique fog event in which the air pollutants seemed to be scavenged stoichiometrically was sometimes observed. The methodology used for collecting fog water at 60 mL intervals provided detailed information. 相似文献
16.
Tomiki Kobayashi Yoshihiro Nakagawa Motonori Tamaki Takatoshi Hiraki Masahide Aikawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):601-606
Cloud water deposition to canopies of Cryptomeria japonica at Mt.Rokko, Kobe, Japan, was estimated from throughfall measurements and fog water collections carried out during a full year. Annual cloud frequency was 11.5–15.5% and liquid water content (LWC) was 0.059 g/m3. Since cloud water deposition on to forest canopies was significantly correlated with the amount of fog water collected, the former parameter could be quantitatively derived from throughfall measurements. Annual cloud water deposition on to Cryptomeria canopies was 1420–2860 mm (Av. 2140 mm), corresponding to 90–180% (Av. 122%) of annual rainfall. The rate of deposition was higher at the mountain ridge and the forest edge than at the mountain side and the forest interior. Annual deposition of SO4 2?, NO3 ?, H+ and NH4 + from cloud water was estimated as 204, 153, 2.5 and 58 kg/ha, respectively, equivalent to 5.8–11.7 times the corresponding deposition via rain. The values are equal to, or exceed, the maximum deposition reported for Appalachian forests in the eastern United States. Multiple regression analyses indicate that cloud water deposition on to Cryptomeria canopies was significantly correlated with the following three parameters: cloud frequency, LWC, and wind speed. Thus, these three factors apparently control cloud water deposition on to forest canopies. 相似文献
17.
Motonori Tamaki Takatoshi Hiraki Yoshihiro Nakagawa Tomiki Kobayashi Masahide Aikawa Mitsuru Shoga 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1511-1516
The use of samplers for rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow was studied in Chamaecyparis obtusa forest in Kobe to develop a suitable simplified collection method for long-term monitoring of the effect of acid deposition on the forest ecosystem. A filtrating bulk sampler, widely used in Japan due to its convenience, was modified for rainfall- and throughfall-sampling. The pH value, NH4 +- and NO3 ?- concns. did not change within a two-week sampling period, and the collection efficiency of the modified type relative to the wet/dry sampler was 97% (mean). The three samplers (shampoo-hat, vinyl chloride tube, and gauze type) were used for stemflow sampling. Collection efficiency of the samplers was in the order of shampoo-hat> vinyl chloride tube> gauze and that of the gauze type varied significantly with rainfall condition. 相似文献
18.
Nobuhito SEKIYA Aristarick Cyril SHAYO Mathew Kaozya JACOB Nobuaki OIZUMI Motonori TOMITAKA Hideki ARAKI 《水稻科学》2015,(2):71-80
In Tanzania,the phenology and seasonal variations of the yields of different rice cultivars have rarely been studied,especially under fully-irrigated conditions. A trial was conducted to identify the most suitable calendar for rice production in Tanzania under fully-irrigated conditions. Four popular rice cultivars,NERICA1,Wahiwahi,IR64 and TXD306,were transplanted monthly from January to December 2011. The four cultivars recorded similarly higher or lower yields than the annual means when transplanted in July(0.50–0.57 kg/m2) and April(0.07–0.31 kg/m2). A yield-ranking analysis showed that plants transplanted in July was the most productive while those transplanted in April was the least productive,and also revealed a yield-seasonality for irrigated rice in Tanzania,a low-yield season(April–May),a high-yield season(June–August),and an unstable-yield season(September–March). These yield seasons would appear to be closely linked to seasonal temperature variations. When transplanted in April–May,plants were exposed to very low temperatures between panicle initiation and flowering,apparently reducing yield through cold-induced sterility. Those transplanted in June–August prolonged their growth under relatively low temperatures and increased yield through increasing biomass production. In September–March,yield levels varied greatly due to the shortened phenological growth durations at higher temperatures. We conclude that under fully-irrigated conditions in Tanzania,rice should be transplanted in July to ensure the maximum production and yield stability. The yield-seasonality suggests that implementing measures to protect plants from low and high temperature stress at critical phenological stages may allow year-round rice production under fully-irrigated conditions in Tanzania. 相似文献
19.
Junko Nagamoto Ai Sawazaki Motonori Miyago Bungo Shirouchi Mitsukazu Sakata Li-tao TONG Toshihiro Kumamaru Masao Sato 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):977-981
We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols(TAGs), phosphatidylcholines(PCs), and free fatty acids(FFAs) in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In this method, enzymes from commercially available kits were used. Optimum reaction conditions were established. It was found that Nonidet P-40 was the optimal among the three surfactants used(Triton X-100, Tween 40, and Nonidet P-40) when lipid was dissolved in a reaction solution. Using this method, it was possible to quantify TAGs, PCs, and FFAs in concentration ranges of 7–150, 5–70, and 8–200 mg L~(–1), respectively. Furthermore, when the TAG contents in the rice bran were measured, the values closely corresponded to those obtained by extracting from large amounts of rice bran. However, sufficient data on the PC and FFA contents in rice bran are not available for valid comparisons. Although this method can accurately quantify the TAG contents in the rice bran of one grain, the accuracy of the PC and FFA contents has not been verified. Hence, future study is necessary. 相似文献