NONHUMAN PRIMATE EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY*

Survey radiographs have not accurately identified renal contour or location in nonhuman primates. Excretory urography using 786 to 1193 mg iodinelkg body weight resulted in dense opacification of the renal parenchyma and pelvis. Abdominal compression improved visu- alization of the renal pelvis. Interpretation of the nonhuman primate excretory urogram was compromised by several anatomic characteristics of this animal group. Superimposition of the kidneys on the lateral radiograph limited evaluation of the renal contour. Since the renal pelvis in most species of nonhuman primates does not possess diverticula (as in the dog and cat) or a caliceal system (as in the pig and man), the diagnosis of pyelonephritis or renal mass lesions was difficult. Severe irregularities in the renal contour, size of the renal pelvis, or areas of deficient concentrating ability were identifiable in nonhuman primate excretory urograms, but the diagnosis of small cysts was not possible in smaller nonhuman primates. The presence of a caliceal collecting system in the spider monkey (Ateles sp.) suggests this animal as a potential model for the evaluation of human renal disease.     

Evaluation of tulathromycin for the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection of swine with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Tulathromycin was evaluated in the treatment of pneumonia in weaned pigs inoculated intranasally with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Five days postchallenge, the pigs were randomized to treatment with a single IM administration of saline, a single IM administration of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg; day 0), or three IM administrations of enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg; days 0, 1, 2). Pigs were necropsied on day 12 or 13. Unchallenged controls remained healthy with no lung pathology. Compared with saline, coughing, mean lung lesion score, and proportional lung weight were significantly reduced and weight gain was significantly greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Compared with enrofloxacin, there were no significant differences in proportional lung weight or weight gains, but coughing and lung lesion scores were greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Tulathromycin was effective in the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection with M. hyopneumoniae.     

Effects of latent infection, temperature, precipitation, and irrigation on panicle and shoot blight of pistachio in california

ABSTRACT Panicle and shoot blight, caused by a Fusicoccum sp., is an economically important disease of pistachio in California. Between 1999 and 2001, the disease severity was monitored throughout the growing season in 10 pistachio orchards, irrigated with drip, microsprinklers, low-angled (12 degrees ) sprinklers, or flood. The effect of temperature, precipitation pattern, irrigation system, and incidence of Fusicoccum sp. latent infection on panicle and shoot blight severity was quantified with a generalized linear model for repeated measures. The number of continuous rainy days in April and May and the cumulative daily mean temperatures from June to early September had a significant positive effect on panicle and shoot blight of pistachio leaves and fruit. Drip irrigation significantly decreased disease risk. Other factors, such as the number of discontinuous rainy days in April and May, the cumulative deviation from the 30-year average temperature during the dry days of April and May, the incidence of latent infection (only on leaves), and irrigation with microsprinklers or lowangled (12 degrees ) sprinklers were weak explanatory variables of panicle and shoot blight severity. Knowledge of panicle and shoot blight risk may contribute significantly to decisions regarding the appropriate application of fungicides, especially in years or fields of low risk.