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41.
Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were individually caged and were given two second-generation anticoagulants, difenacoum and difethialone, in fresh sliced apple bait. Mortality caused by 0.1-0.2 g kg?1 difenacoum bait was rather low: 0/6, 1/4 and 2/4 only. As a relatively high concentration in the bait was required, the use of difenacoum in the field is not possible because of environmental considerations. Mortality caused by 0.05 g kg?1 difethialone bait was 5/6, and by 0.065 g kg?1 6/6. The potential of using difethialone in the field is uncertain because of the prolonged treatment needed. 相似文献
42.
Ron Moorhouse Peter Dilks Les Moran Alan Jones Dave Wills Ian Fraser Claude August 《Biological conservation》2003,110(1):33-44
The kaka (Nestor meridionalis) is a threatened, endemic New Zealand parrot that is declining primarily because of predation by introduced mammals. Numbers of female kaka surviving to sexual maturity more than compensated for adult female mortality at three sites with predator control but not at three unmanaged sites. Nesting success at the sites with predator control was significantly greater (?80%) than at unmanaged sites (?38%) while predation on adult females was significantly less (5% c.f. 65%). Predation was the most common cause of nesting failure at all sites. Stoats (Mustela erminea) appeared to be the main predator, although evidence of possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) predation on eggs, nestlings and nesting females was also found. These results suggest that control of stoats and possums can potentially reverse the decline of the kaka on the main islands of New Zealand. 相似文献
43.
1. Passive avoidance was used to investigate the aversive‐ness to laying hens of the sound and motion associated with travel on a short section of flat‐belt conveyor.
2. Three groups of 7 birds were trained to key‐peck for food at an operant panel and then exposed to a passive avoidance schedule in which the treatment stimuli were activated by key‐pecking.
3. Birds exposed to both sound and motion (SM), or sound only (S) showed significantly greater suppression in key‐pecking than birds in the control group (C) which had not been exposed to either stimulus. No significant difference was found in aversion levels between the S and the SM groups.
4. Sound alone appeared to be as aversive as sound and motion combined, although certain caveats to this conclusion are given. 相似文献
44.
Sh. Moran 《Phytoparasitica》1977,5(3):127-139
The Syrian woodpecker,Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemp. & Ehr.), was found to attack black polyethylene pipes of both sprinkler and drip irrigation systems in Israel. Nut crops and deciduous fruits are preferred by the woodpecker, and trees infested by boring insects are favored. Damage to pipes is frequent in plots of avocado, citrus and grapevine bordered by rows of windbreakers, with the pipes near the windbreaker being the most severely attacked. In orchards without windbreakers the distribution of damage seems to be random, or concentrated near trees infected by boring insects, or near other attractive objects (e.g. electric poles). 相似文献
45.
The checklist of vertebrate pest species responsible for economic damage to agriculture production in Israel, which was first
published in 1993, has been updated for 1993–2001. During this period new crop types have been damaged by these pests, and
they have been added to the checklist. Four new bird pest species were also added:Carduelis chloris, Anas platyrhinchos, Larus ridibundus andPelecanus onocrotalus. Thus the number of economically significant vertebrate species is now 65 (27 mammalian, 36 avian and two reptilian species).
Cases of depredation in forestry and pasture, which were not included in the former list, were also added. The significance
of the compiled data in assisting with farm management decision is also discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 29, 2003. 相似文献
46.
Schuele G Barnett S Bapst B Cavaliero T Luempert L Strehlau G Young DR Moran C Junquera P 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(2-4):300-311
The efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on formulation against induced infestations with R. sanguineus ticks and cat fleas (C. felis) as well as its persistence after repeated washing and shampooing was investigated in four separate studies. In a first study on R. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.3%. No engorged ticks, alive or dead, were found in the treated animals. Shampooing 2 days after treatment and weekly washings did not affect the efficacy. In a second study on R. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 96.8%. Single washing 8h after treatment and single shampooing 24 h after treatment had no negative impact on the efficacy of the product. In a third study on C. felis involving 28 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation was always 100% and weekly washings did not diminish the efficacy. In a last study on C. felis involving 24 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 5 weeks that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.8%, and shampooing 24 h after treatment did not reduce the efficacy. The product was well tolerated by the dogs. 相似文献
47.
Koffas H Dukes-McEwan J Corcoran BM Moran CM French A Sboros V Simpson K Anderson T McDicken WN 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(7):330-338
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether decreased diastolic and systolic myocardial velocity gradient between the endocardium and the epicardium exist in the left ventricle of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Myocardial velocity gradient and mean myocardial velocities were measured by colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in the left ventricular free wall of 20 normal cats and 17 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: The peak myocardial velocity gradient (sec(-1)) during the first (E1) (5.71+/-1.75 versus 11.38+/-3.1, P<0.001) and second phase (E2) (3.09+/-1.53 versus 7.02+/-3.1, P=0.005) of early diastole and also the maximum early diastolic myocardial velocity gradient (Emax) (6.12+/-2.1 versus 10.76+/-3.2, P<0.001) were reduced in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with normal cats. Peak myocardial velocity gradient during early systole (Se) was lower in affected cats than in normal cats (6.26+/-2.08 versus 8.67+/-2.83, P=0.006). Affected cats had a lower peak mean myocardial velocities (mm/s) during the two isovolumic periods (IVRb and IVCb) compared with normal cats (2.97+/-6.76 versus 12.74+/-5.5 and 22.28+/-9.96 versus 38.65+/-10.1, P<0.001, respectively). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cats have decreased myocardial velocity gradient during both diastole and systole and also altered myocardial motion during the two isovolumic periods. Myocardial velocity gradients recorded by colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging can discriminate between the healthy and diseased myocardium. 相似文献
48.
Transportation of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi Valenciennes) juveniles from hatchery to on‐growing operations in New Zealand exposes the fish to significantly elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Experiments were undertaken to assess metabolic and haematological stress responses after a 5‐h period of hypercapnia, followed by recovery in normocapnia. Mortality was low (0.5%) and secondary stress indices (blood glucose, blood lactate, muscle pH and muscle lactate) remained largely unchanged during a simulated transportation and recovery, despite juveniles being exposed to CO2 concentrations as high as 75 mg CO2 L?1 (38 mm Hg partial pressure). There was some haematological disturbance midway through simulated transports, where water was maintained at fixed CO2 concentrations of 8 and 50 mg CO2 L?1 (4 and 26 mm Hg respectively). Persistent erythrocyte swelling continued during transport at 50 mg CO2 L?1, whereas at 8 mg CO2 L?1, haematological variables had returned to control levels. There was no mortality recorded for any of the treatments, and haematological variables were restored to pre‐manipulation levels after 31 h. The results indicated that juvenile yellowtail kingfish have a robust physiology and can cope with the stressors imposed by acute exposure to moderate to high levels of CO2 associated with live transport. 相似文献
49.
50.