Evaluation of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in dairy calves

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in calves. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 115 calves with diarrhea that were 1 to 21 days old at enrollment. PROCEDURE: Calves that developed diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive no flunixin meglumine (controls), a single dose of flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb]), or 2 doses of flunixin meglumine administered 24 hours apart. Serum IgG concentration and PCV were measured prior to enrollment in the trial. Calves were evaluated daily to determine rectal temperature, fecal consistency, demeanor, and skin elasticity score. The primary analytic outcome was days of sickness (morbid-days). RESULTS: Calves with fecal blood and treated with a single dose of flunixin meglumine had fewer morbid-days and antimicrobial treatments, compared with controls. Although not significant, calves given 2 doses of flunixin meglumine in 24 hours had fewer morbid-days than untreated control calves. Regardless of severity of diarrhea, calves without fecal blood did not benefit from the use of flunixin. For calves with fecal blood, failure of passive transfer (low serum IgG concentration) was an independent risk factor for increased morbid-days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with a single dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in fewer antimicrobial treatments and morbid-days in calves with fecal blood. As observed in other studies, calves with failure of passive transfer were at high risk for poor outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of developing and implementing effective colostrum delivery programs on dairy farms.     

Hemodynamic and metabolic alterations associated with intravenous infusion of a combination of adenosine triphosphate and magnesium chloride in conscious horses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine hemodynamic and metabolic effects of IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination and maximal safe IV infusion rate in conscious horses. ANIMALS: 6 adult female horses. PROCEDURE: All horses received an IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination, beginning at a rate of 0.05 mg of ATP/kg of body weight/min, which was increased by 0.05 mg/kg/min increments at 10-minute intervals until a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/min was achieved. Data were collected prior to the start of the infusion, at the end of each infusion rate, and at 15-minute intervals for the next hour after discontinuation of the infusion. Measured or calculated hemodynamic variables included cardiac output, cardiac index, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Arterial blood gas tensions, CBC, plasma biochemical profiles, urine volume and specific gravity, and selected clinical signs of disease also were evaluated. RESULTS: Intravenous infusion of ATP-MgCl2 significantly increased cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and caused mild pulmonary hypertension. Magnitude of the hemodynamic alterations was dependent on rate of infusion. Maximal safe infusion rate for these horses was 0.3 mg/kg/min. All horses became lethargic, and their appetites diminished during the infusion; 5 horses had mild signs of abdominal discomfort. Flank sweating was observed in all horses as infusion rate increased. Urine volume and specific gravity and hematologic, biochemical, and arterial blood gas alterations were detected during and after infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravenous administration of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy, conscious, adult horses caused various metabolic and hemodynamic alterations that were without appreciable detrimental effects.     

Large granular lymphocytic leukemia in a mixed breed dog

A mixed breed dog was diagnosed with large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Immunophenotypic analysis indicated the lymphocytes were CD3+, CD8+ T cells expressing the alpha beta T cell receptor and a leukointegrin, alpha d. Chemotherapy and splenectomy resulted in an initial reduction in the lymphocyte count.     

通辽地区紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究

通过对紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究，表明通辽地区紫花苜蓿田有13科31种杂草，以一年生杂草为主；优势杂草藜、酸模叶蓼、打碗花、稗、反枝苋等呈集群分布；主要杂草发生时间在紫花苜蓿播种后10d左右进入出苗高峰期；一年生杂草大量发生时间在5～6月份，二年生和多年生杂草易常年发生；以禾本科稗草，阔叶类杂草藜、反枝苋、酸模叶蓼、打碗花发生最为普遍，危害严重。     

44例宠物犬肿瘤病理诊断及分析

收集北京地区2015~2016年宠物医院的部分宠物犬肿瘤病例56例,采用组织病理学方法进行病理诊断,并对患病动物的品种、发生部位、年龄和性别与肿瘤发生关系进行了统计分析。结果发现,56个病例中有44例确诊为肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤21例,包括肛周腺瘤、皮脂腺瘤和肥大细胞瘤等;恶性肿瘤23例,包括乳腺癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌和肛周腺癌等。本次采集的病例中,大型犬与小型犬发病率持平,皮肤、肛周与乳腺部位肿瘤的发生率较高;7岁以后是肿瘤高发期;雌性犬皮肤和乳腺肿瘤的患病率高于雄性,雄性宠物犬肛周腺肿瘤的发生率高于雌性,肿瘤总患病率雄性与雌性持平。本研究为今后宠物犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了新的参考资料。     

褐藻岩藻聚糖生物活性的研究进展

褐色海藻富含对人体有益的功能性多糖——硫酸化多糖。多年来,从褐色海藻中分离出的硫酸多糖在药物、保健品、化妆品和功能性食物等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。岩藻聚糖作为褐藻多糖中的一员,其复杂的生物特性已被证明具有开发和进行工业化生产的价值,从而获得对人体有益的成分。由于海藻多糖具有上述特性,故作者主要对从褐色海藻中分离出的岩藻聚糖(又叫多糖硫酸酯)的抗凝血、抗血栓、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等生物活性方面及其在工业生产中应用等方面进行了综述。     

Intracavitary Cisplatin Chemotherapy Experience with Six Dogs

Six dogs with a median age of 7 years (range = 5-14 years) were presented for signs referable to thoracic or abdominal effusion associated with neoplasia of the body cavities. Intracavitary cisplatin was administered at 50 mg/m2 every 4 weeks for a median of 2.5 treatments (mean = 3, range = 1-6). Three dogs with pleural mesothelioma had complete resolution of effusion for 289, 129, and greater than 306 days without evidence of tumor growth. Resolution of effusion occurred after one treatment in two dogs and after two treatments in one dog. In three dogs with carcinomatosis of unknown origin, complete responses was seen in two dogs after one treatment for 255 and greater than 807 days, respectively. Intracavitary chemotherapy with cisplatin was associated with palliation and control of malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion in five of six dogs. Toxicity was minimal, and this method of therapy should be further explored in dogs with similar malignancies.     

甘南草原生态保护补奖政策实施效果分析

【目的】草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。分析草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。【方法】以甘肃省甘南州为例,通过多年统计数据、查阅年鉴和实地调查等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行分析,从补奖政策草原生产力、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析政策实施前后变化情况。【结果】1)两轮补奖政策实施后,甘南州平均鲜草产量达到6 534.00 kg/hm²,其中,第1轮补奖政策后较补奖前增加17.61%,第2轮较第1轮增加16.28%;2)甘南州畜牧业总产值明显增加,第1轮补奖政策后理论载畜量较补奖前提高30.45%,第2轮较第1轮增加9.32%;3)两轮补奖后甘南州城乡居民人民币储蓄存款第1轮较补奖前增加135.36%,第2轮较第1轮增加33.76%。【结论】依据补奖政策实施过程中存在的问题,提出对策建议：提高禁牧补助和草畜平衡奖励标准、加大草原监管执法工作扶持力度、按照草原退化程度由县(市)政府确定草原禁牧区域和合理禁牧年限。     

微波处理构建不感染内生真菌德兰臭草种群的方法探讨

微波技术会对生物组织产生一定的生物学效应。为了研究微波技术对德兰臭草（Melica transsilvanica）内生真菌的去除效果,采用微波中低档对感染内生真菌的德兰臭草种子进行不同时间的杀菌处理,通过显微镜检结合植株内生真菌分离技术、种子萌发指标、植株生长指标评价内生真菌去除效果。结果表明,输出功率300 W的微波处理30 s能有效杀灭种子中的内生真菌,并对种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均无显著影响;微波处理10 s,20 s分别降低植株带菌率的10.7%,25%,并且对植株生长有促进作用;微波处理较长时间（40 s及以上时间）虽能有效杀灭种子中的内生真菌,但对种子萌发、植株生长有抑制作用。因此,微波处理种子技术是一种有效、简便、可行的内生真菌去除技术。     

Repair of an open radial fracture in an adult horse

An open radial fracture in an adult horse (450 kg) was repaired by internal fixation, using two 18-hole 4.5-mm broad dynamic compression plates and 5.5- and 4.5-mm bone screws. The fracture healed completely, but when evaluated 9 months after surgery, the horse was lame on the fractured limb at a trot. Local infiltration of anesthesia along the distal half of the bone plates greatly ameliorated the lameness, suggesting that the plates were irritating the soft tissues and extensor tendons along the cranial and lateral aspects of the antebrachium. Both bone plates were removed simultaneously with no complications, and the horse became sound.