六盘山华北落叶松人工纯林枯落物储量的空间变异分析

在六盘山南侧设置2个20 m×20 m的华北落叶松人工林样地,研究枯落物储量的空间分布.结果表明:枯落物储量空间差异明显,2个样地的枯落物储量平均值为1.80和1.68 kg·m-2,最大值为2.96和2.71 kg·m-2,最小值为0.35和0.34 kg·m-2,最大和最小值的比值变化在8～9之间;在不考虑测点空间位置及取样间距的情况下,2个样地枯落物储量的变异系数为0.41和0.56;枯落物储量的空间分布受空间结构性和随机性的多种因素影响,其中林地微地形能解释枯落物储量空间变异的56%,局部洼地利于更多枯落物堆积;2个样地枯落物储量的空间分布函数曲线的理论模型均符合球状模型,且空间自相关程度较呔;当以95%的置信区间准确估计华北落叶松林样地的枯落物储量时,最小取样数量为9个1 m×1 m的样方.     

Nitrogen leaching in response to increased nitrogen inputs in subtropical monsoon forests in southern China

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (as ammonium nitrate) was applied monthly onto the forest floor of one old-growth forest (>400 years old, at levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and two young forests (both about 70 years old, at levels of 50 and 100 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) over 3 years (2004–2006), to investigate how nitrogen (N) input influenced N leaching output, and if there were differences in N retention between the old-growth and the young forests in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China. The ambient throughfall inputs were 23–27 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the young forests and 29–35 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the old-growth forest. In the control plots without experimental N addition, a net N retention was observed in the young forests (on average 6–11 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but a net N loss occurred in the old-growth forest (−13 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Experimental N addition immediately increased DIN leaching in all three forests, with 25–66% of added N leached over the 3-year experiment. At the lowest level of N addition (50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the percentage N loss was higher in the old-growth forest (66% of added N) than in the two young forests (38% and 26%). However, at higher levels of N addition (100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the old-growth forest exhibited similar N losses (25–43%) to those in the young forests (28–43%). These results indicate that N retention is largely determined by the forest successional stages and the levels of N addition. Compared to most temperate forests studied in Europe and North America, N leaching loss in these seasonal monsoon subtropical forests occurred mainly in the rainy growing season, with measured N loss in leaching substantially higher under both ambient deposition and experimental N additions.     

Effect of nitrogen addition on DOC leaching and chemical exchanges on canopy leaves in Guangdong Province,China

The impact of nitrogen(N)deposition on dissolved organic carbon(DOC)fractions in throughfall is not well understood.We performed a laboratory experiment and compared DOC leaching from canopy leaves after dipping leaves in pure water(control)and NH4NO3 solution(N-treatment)for 18 h.Net changes of DOC,NH4^+,NO3^-,SO4^2-,K^+,Mg^2+,Ca^2+and H^+contents after dipping leaves were determined by comparing solutions with and without leaves.We recorded no differences of DOC leaching between control and N-treatment,implying that N deposition had minor impacts on canopy DOC production.This confirmed that previous experiments testing the effects of N addition on DOC dynamics without considering the effects of the canopy reaction successfully described the real situation.We also confirmed the previously-reported canopy exchange process in spite of a high background N deposition at our study site.N-treatment significantly increased base cation leaching,especially K^+,and the increase was positively correlated with foliar NH4?retention.Net leaching of H^+and SO4^2-was not affected by the N-treatment.     

不同繁育方式的桑树对淹水胁迫的生理生态响应差异

【目的】研究淹水胁迫下不同繁育方式桑树的叶片光合生理参数、渗透调节物质和保护酶系统的动态变化,揭示不同繁育方式桑树对水淹逆境的响应策略及差异,为桑树在消落带逆境的生态修复应用提供理论基础。【方法】选择嫁接、扦插繁殖的蜀果（SG）和澳玉（AY）桑苗,通过套盆模拟水淹胁迫（ys）,在0、3、7、12、18天测定桑树叶片的光合参数、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量（可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛）及叶片保护酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化酶）的动态变化,探讨不同繁育方式桑树对水淹逆境的响应差异。【结果】1)叶绿素含量随水淹天数增加而下降,但不同品种桑苗之间有差异（P>0.05）; 2) CK处理叶片的净光合速率（P_n）日变化呈双峰曲线,而ys处理的桑苗呈单峰曲线,且扦插繁育的值大于嫁接繁育（P>0.05）,桑树叶片光合参数动态变化结果显示,各处理桑树叶片、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（Tr）随水淹胁迫时间的延长呈先下降后上升趋势,且扦插繁育值大于嫁接繁育（P>0.05）; 3)随着水淹时间延长,各处...     

近红外透射光谱技术测定黍稷蛋白含量的研究(英文)

[目的]探索快速测定完整黍稷籽粒蛋白含量的方法。[方法]采用近红外光谱分析技术建立数学模型并进行预测,比较原始透射光谱经导数处理结合不同回归算法对模型的影响。[结果]分别经一阶和二阶导数处理后利用偏小二乘法和改进的偏小二乘法,4 种方法的分析效果相近,最优的是一阶导数结合改进的偏最小二乘回归法,黍稷蛋白定标模型的定标相关系数(RSQ)为0.880 6,定标标准误差(SEC)为0.342 4,交互定标标准误差(SECV)为 0.375 1,外部预测标准误差(SEP)为 0.454。[结论]以完整黍稷籽粒为样品所建立的蛋白 NITS 模型,可以用于黍稷蛋白含量的快速检测。     

大熊猫源枝孢样枝孢霉野生株(Z20)与突变株(Zt)部分生物学特性及药敏试验比较

为探明枝孢样枝孢霉野生株Z20与突变株Zt在生物学特性及药物敏感上的差异,将枝孢样枝孢霉Z20和Zt于PDA培养基上连续培养7 d,每天观察菌落形态及长势。将菌株Z20和Zt在沙氏液基上培养4 d后用透射电镜对其超微结构进行观察。采用硫酸-苯酚法测定枝孢样枝孢霉Z20和Zt的菌丝体多糖含量。运用96孔板微量稀释法测定5种常见抗真菌药物对枝孢样枝孢霉Z20和Zt的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明:在PDA培养基上菌株Zt的生长速率高于Z20,菌落颜色较浅,孢子数量减少。在透射电镜下,野生株Z20的菌丝壁厚度和菌丝宽度显著大于突变株Zt,且菌丝的含糖量也显著高于突变株Zt。药敏试验中,除灰黄霉素外,枝孢样枝孢霉Zt对5种药物的敏感性均高于Z20。     

池塘放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响

在水温为14 ～ 17℃条件下,将大规格施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii幼鱼（225.69 g±32.28 g）随机放入9个四边形水泥池（池底面积为18.23 m2）中流水饲养,分别设置5.5、8.0、11.0 kg/m3 3个放养密度组,每组设3个平行,养殖试验共进行70 d,观察并研究放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响.结果表明：施氏鲟幼鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率、日增重和摄食率等均随养殖密度的增大而显著降低（P＜0.05）,饲料系数随养殖密度的增大而显著升高（P＜0.05）,密度为8.0 kg/m3的组生长效率最高;肌肉中的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量随养殖密度的增大而显著降低（P＜0.05）,雨水分和灰分含量的变化不明显（P＞0.05）;试验期间,水体中的溶解氧浓度随养殖密度的增大显著降低（P＜0.05）,而氨氮和化学耗氧量浓度则随养殖密度的增大而显著升高（P＜0.05）.研究表明,8.0 kg/m3的放养密度更适合大规格施氏鲟幼鱼的养殖,过高的放养密度会对施氏鲟幼鱼生长及其肌肉品质产生不利影响.     

黑曲霉TH-2蔗糖酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

实验室保存的菌种黑曲霉TH-2经柠檬酸-磷酸缓冲液抽提,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Superdex-200凝胶过滤层析,得到电泳纯的蔗糖酶.纯化后的蔗糖酶比活为135.90 U/mg,回收率为37.7%,提纯倍数为20.3倍.测得酶的相对分子质量为1.29×105,最适温度为65℃,最适pH值为4.4.以不同浓度蔗糖为底物测得Km值为23.1 mmol/L Ag+对其活性有很强的抑制作用,而Zn2+,Cu2+,Mn2+对其有激活作用.     

刍议数字信息化时代的高校西文编目工作

数字化、网络化、信息化社会的到来推动了高校编目工作的变革,对现代高校图书馆发展趋势、数字信息化时代西文编目工作及其MARC来源问题进行了简要的探讨。分析了高校图书馆西文编目工作的传统模式和未来发展趋势,以及在网络环境中西文编目人员的工作方式与业务水平;介绍了数字信息时代下西文编目数据的来源,包括借助于Z39.50协议平台的套录编目和网络数据库资源,创造出数字信息化的高校图书馆,打破资源的独占、独享,从而实现了国际间的文献信息资源的共建共享。     

间接竞争性ELISA检测甲胺磷残留

采用制备的兔抗血清建立了甲胺磷（methamidophos,MTP)残留的间接竞争性ELISA方法，证明了抗血清的特异性较好，并确立了测定参数：抗血清与包被抗原的最佳工作浓度分别为1：3000和1：5000；最适检测范围为0．01－0．1μg/ml；批内变异系数7．56％，批间变异系数5．70％。