一套优异稻种资源的纹枯病抗性评价

2008年在湖北恩施、2009年和2010年在海南陵水分别采取自然诱病和人工接种方法对158份中国水稻微核心种质和137份“全球水稻分子育种计划”亲本材料进行了抗纹枯病大田鉴定和评价,未发现免疫材料,抗病和中抗材料的比例分别为0.3％和13.9％;大多数属于感病范围,中感、感病和高感材料的比例分别为40.0％、25.8％和20.0％.其中BR24、Hnankar、解放籼、秕五升、赤壳糯、红旗5号、泽谷、寸谷糯和旱麻稻在3年2地的鉴定中均达中抗水平;Serendahkuninmdaysia、SAI-BUI-BAO、Giza14和香稻在个别年份中达抗病水平.在海南2年试验中测定了各材料的纹枯病病级、相对病斑长、相对病斑高、抽穗期和株高,通过分析,发现纹枯病病级与相对病斑长和相对病斑高呈极显著正相关,而与抽穗期和株高呈极显著负相关,相对病斑长和相对病斑高可以作为抗性鉴定和评价的指标之一.     

Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Suspended Particle Mater in Rainy Season from Jialing River in Chongqing

16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by GC-MS for 13 suspended particle matter samples collected from Jialing River in Chongqing in rainy season. The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 447.47 ng/g to 1 344.92 ng/g, with a mean value of 927.48 ng/g. The concentration of total PAHs in suspended particle matter showed the trend of“up-down-up-down”in spatial distribution in the 13 sampling sites. The predominant PAHs in suspended particle matter were 4 ring PAHs, which accounting for 41.87% of the tatal PAHs. The ratio analysis and principle factor analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR) indicated that the major source of PAHs was the engine combustion source, in which the proportion of gasoline combustion and diesel combustion were 37.79% and 29.97%, respectively. The ecological risk of PAHs was evaluated by the effects range median values (ERM) and the effects range low values (ERL). The results illustrated that Acy, Ace, Fl and DahA had certain ecological risks, while the ERL values of other12 PAHs in all suspended particle matter samples were lower than the ERL guideline value,namely, PAHs in Jialing River in Chongqing could not cause obvious ecological risk.     

小兴安岭绢蝶的采集与观赏工艺品制作

通过对小兴安岭绢蝶种类进行采样调查,已经掌握了小兴安岭绢蝶科昆虫的发生时间与分布规律,并对优势种类进行采集分析,为后续进行生物学特性观察与人工饲养积累资料。对采得的绢蝶优势种进行观赏工艺品加工制作,为饲养后开发绢蝶工艺品及建设北方生态绢蝶园,大力开发特色养殖产业和发展旅游业服务。     

光肩星天牛刻槽的微生境

研究北京和宁夏两地5个树种上光肩星天牛刻槽含水量、pH值及微生物多样性.结果表明:两地的刻槽中期含水量最高,且高于同期健康树皮,晚期次之,早期最少.刻槽的pH值(7.88 ～9.98)均偏碱性,高于健康树皮pH值(6.06 ～7.10).两地的刻槽共分离到真菌12属、473株菌株,8种鉴定至种级;优势属为镰刀菌属,刻槽真菌数量多于健康树皮.宁夏各树种刻槽真菌多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)比健康树皮高,北京各树种刻槽H,S低于健康树皮.两地各树种刻槽内细菌群落种类大致有2种,为黄单胞杆菌属细菌和白色未定名细菌,此外,北京旱柳刻槽内分离到黏质沙雷氏菌,该菌是一种昆虫致病菌.刻槽内放线菌只分离到1种,为链霉菌属放线菌.     

氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗生长及营养吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,以铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素[CO(NH2)2]为氮源,研究氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗植株大小、生物量、根系形态特征和苗木元素含量及积累量的影响。结果表明:氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗木的高度、基径、根冠比值、地上部和根系的生物量、根系形态特性、苗木中元素含量及积累量有明显的影响。以50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N为氮源的苗高、基径、根冠比值、整株及地上部和根系的生物量、根系的总表面积及平均直径、根尖数、苗木中元素含量及积累量都最大;单一供应CO(NH2)2的苗木根系总长度和总体积最大,苗木整株和地上部及根系的生物量、苗木中的元素含量及积累量仅低于50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N的处理;单一供应NO-3-N的苗木矮小,整株、地上部及根系的生物量和根系的形态及生长指标都最低,各种元素的含量及积累量也最少;单一供应NH+4-N时,在夏季叶片出现大量灼烧状坏死,其症状随NH+4-N的比例增加而加重,苗木也纤细,组织不充实,须根短,坏死较多,植株的生物量和根冠比及根系总长度、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数都较小,营养元素的积累量也较低。铁核桃对NH+4-N或NO-3-N没有明显的偏好。在NH+4-N与NO-3-N的比例各占50%时能够更好地促进铁核桃苗木的生长及营养的吸收,尿素也有较好的效果。     

棉花耐低钾材料的苗期筛选与评价

在棉花苗期沙培盆栽条件下,以棉株生物量、吸钾量、钾利用指数及地上部干物质质量4项指标对38份棉花材料进行了耐低钾材料的评价与筛选。结果表明,各材料耐低钾能力存在较大差异,其中D5、D13、D37材料在低钾胁迫下表现干物质积累多、吸钾量高及钾利用指数高等特点,这3个材料在低钾环境下仍能很好地生长发育,属于耐低钾型材料;而D7、D16、D28、D35、D38等材料则表现恰恰相反,4指标综合表现较差,表明这些材料对土壤缺钾比较敏感,属于低钾敏感型材料。筛选出的耐低钾型材料将作为棉花耐低钾遗传改良的种质资源,也为开展棉花钾营养高效机理的研究提供基础材料和数据。     

原糖厂滤泥燃烧特性测定

为了了解原糖厂滤泥作为能源资源利用的可行性,根据煤的工业分析方法,测定了该滤泥的空气干燥基含水分、挥发分、固定碳、灰分含量,以及50％含水量时,收到基低位发热量.作为比较,测定了同等含水量的亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥的收到基低位发热量.测定结果为,滤泥的空气干燥基含水量为9.05％、挥发分含量60.58％、灰分含量19.58％、固定碳含量为10.78％;湿基含水量为50％的原糖厂滤泥和亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥的低位发热量分别为8700kJ/kg和7200kJ/kg,显示原糖厂滤泥具有高于水分为50％的蔗渣发热量.实验结果表明,经一定干燥后,原糖厂滤泥不失为一种低灰分、高挥发分的优良固体燃料.     

一种优化鸡胚成纤维细胞制备方法及生长曲线测定

鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的来源方便,制备简单,耐受性好,且适合于许多病毒的生长繁殖,因此被广泛用于疫苗的生产、病毒的培养以及一些细胞和分子生物学的研究。然而传统的鸡胚成纤维细胞制备方法存在制备时间长、死细胞较多和细胞贴壁慢的问题。笔者根据经验摸索出一种实验室快速制备CEF的简便方法,并通过台盼蓝染色用细胞计数法绘制了原代CEF及次代CEF的生长曲线。该简便方法的建立为实验室快速制备高质量高纯度的鸡胚成纤维细胞提供了方便,同时对其生长曲线的测定也为进行基因转染方面的研究积累了资料。     

樟树嫁接育苗试验

以樟树1a生枝条为接穗,采用不同树龄的母树、不同的季节和不同的嫁接方法进行嫁接试验。试验结果表明,不同树龄的母树、不同季节和不同的嫁接方法嫁接成活率都存在较大的差异。树龄低的母树枝条比树龄高的母树枝条嫁接成活率高;春季嫁接成活率最高;切接成活率高。     

Rapid identification and differentiation of Theileria sergenti and Theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay

The present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis. The LAMP assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61 °C or 63 °C, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. The results can be checked using agarose gels. The optimal assay conditions, under which the assay exhibited with no cross-reaction with other closely related tick-borne parasites (T. annulata, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. major, B. ovata, B. U. sp., Anaplasma marginale) or between the two Theileria species of interest, was established. The assay is approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional specific PCR assay. The LAMP assay was validated using DNA from 6 standard stocks in the laboratory and was evaluated for its diagnostic utility using blood samples collected from experimentally and naturally infection cattle or yaks in China. These findings indicate that this Theileria species-specific LAMP assay may have potential clinical applications for the detection and differentiation of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis, especially in endemic countries.