红瑞木溃疡病病原菌的鉴定

为了明确近年来引起上海辰山植物园红瑞木上枝干溃疡病的病原菌种类,首先对病原菌分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行了致病性测定和病原菌验证,然后进行了形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析和系统发育树构建。病原菌形态学特征与葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)一致,其rDNA-ITS序列(已提交GenBank,登录号:JN638454)与GenBank中葡萄座腔菌相似性达到99%,在系统发育树上与葡萄座腔菌处于同一分支。将辰山植物园红瑞木枝干溃疡病的病原菌鉴定为葡萄座腔菌(B.dothidea)。     

大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型及抽样技术研究

为了确定大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型与抽样技术,采用聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析法和Taylor幂法则分析了甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布型,根据Iwao的理论抽样数模型确定了蔗田枯心苗的最适理论抽样数。甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布呈聚集分布,基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,个体群在蔗田呈聚集分布。聚集程度随密度的升高而增加,聚集原因可能是由于甘蔗自身特性和大螟为害等环境因子作用或其中一个原因引起的。5种抽样方法均可用于蔗田抽样调查。用Iwao的理论抽样数模型计算出蔗田枯心苗的理论抽样数模型为:D=0.1时,n=230.470 0/m+0.980 0,D=0.2时,n=57.617 5/m+0.245 0,D=0.3时,n=25.607 8/m+0.108(m为枯心苗平均密度)。本文为开展大螟测报和防治提供了理论依据。     

上海外高桥口岸从进境羊毛中截获的杂草种类

上海外高桥口岸是原毛进境的重要口岸,外高桥检验检疫局在进境羊毛检验检疫中发现进境羊毛携带有大量杂草籽。本文对外高桥局2011年1～9月份进境羊毛中截获的杂草进行了统计与分析,共截获杂草10112批次,73种;其中检疫性杂草4种,435批次。并针对外来入侵杂草管理提出对策和建议。     

大街乡烤烟主要病虫害及综合防治措施

通过病虫害防治提高烟叶中、上等比例,提高烟叶产量、产值,达到烤烟增产增收的目的.     

中美油气管道从业人员资格认证标准差异分析

管道从业人员资格认证措施是减少人为失误造成事故的重要方法之一,相关标准是管道运营的基本依据。梳理了现行中美两国长输管道从业人员资质认证标准,对比分析了二者的主要内容、适用范围、培训与评定程序、技能要求、培训要求、资格评定等方面的差异,结果表明:美国相关标准在培训与评定程序等方面更加科学先进,可操作性强,培训内容和周期要求明确,有利于从业人员不断提高技术水平,保障管道安全运行。建议我国管道企业参考国外标准制定类似标准,以弥补管道从业人员资格认证工作的不足。     

Evaluating strawberry breeding selections for postharvest fruit decay

Fruit from the annual replicated yield assessments for the USDA-ARS strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) breeding program at Beltsville, MD, 2007 and 2008, were evaluated for postharvest decay development after storage at 5 °C. Generalized linear genotype × year mixed model analysis of covariance with overdispersed binomial distribution, logit link function, and Laplace optimization method was used to determine the relationships between postharvest proportion decay and storage period (SP), season’s harvest number (HN), and genotype-specific harvest number through the season; conditioned on the confounding of harvest with SP. To determine if limiting analyses to replicates (plot × harvest combinations) with a minimum number of berries would increase statistical precision, concurrent analyses were conducted using data from replicates with more than: zero, three, and six berries. Limiting data to genotypes for which more than three or more than six berries could be evaluated, resulted in loss of data and reduced statistical power. Within the range of SP observed, 13–19 days, consistency among genotypes of the linear relationship between SP and logit postharvest proportion decay, unless strongly influenced by a confounded harvest effect, indicated all SP in the range tested provided equivalent ability to discern genotypes. The significant genotype × HN interaction effect indicated maximizing the number of harvests was preferable to limiting to a few “informative” harvests. The significant genotype × year interaction effect indicated the decision to release a genotype as a cultivar will demand multiple years of evaluation. Making determinations each year to discard genotypes or use them as parents for postharvest quality was best facilitated by the simple process of calculating arithmetic genotypic means for each harvest date separately, charting the results, and using the charts to visually assess genotypic performance trends across harvests.     

甘蔗伸长期氮肥不同施肥时间对产量及品质的影响

甘蔗高产高糖受品种、环境和栽培等综合因素作用。本试验旨在探索甘蔗伸长期氮肥不同施肥时间对产量及品质的影响。试验表明,甘蔗伸长期合理的施肥方式有利于提高产量和品质,甘蔗伸长期氮肥以7月1日施尿素15kg/667m2,7月21日施尿素15kg/667m2的施肥方式最佳。     

不同钝化剂配施硫酸锌对石灰性土壤中镉生物有效性的影响研究

为了降低轻度镉(Cd)污染土壤中Cd的生物有效性以确保农产品安全,以低吸收豆类蔬菜(豇豆)作为供试植物,通过田间试验研究了在轻度Cd污染(Cd1.5 mg·kg-1)石灰性土壤中施加赤泥、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆、赤泥+油菜秸秆等钝化处理并配施硫酸锌肥料对土壤中Cd的生物有效性的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,不同钝化处理可显著(P＜O.05)降低豇豆豆角中Cd浓度和土壤中可溶态Cd浓度;钝化处理条件下豇豆豆角中Cd浓度降低了27％(玉米秸秆)～83％(赤泥+油菜秸秆).在施加钝化剂的基础上,配施硫酸锌肥料可进一步降低豇豆对Cd的吸收,各钝化处理在配施锌肥后,豇豆豆角中Cd平均浓度与未施锌肥相比降低了27％.对不同作物秸秆而言,富含巯基的油菜秸秆比富含纤维素的玉米秸秆钝化效果好.由此可见,在轻度Cd污染的石灰性土壤中,无机钝化剂赤泥和富含巯基的油菜秸秆复合使用是一种高效且环境友好的钝化手段.同时,合理施用锌肥可能会进一步降低作物对Cd的吸收.     

中国家猪起源机制蠡测

本文重点阐述了我国家猪起源的两种不同动因——提供肉食与用来祭祀,并简要论述了我国猪类驯化的一般过程。     

Earthquake in a maze: compressional rupture branching during the 2012 M(w) 8.6 Sumatra earthquake

Seismological observations of the 2012 moment magnitude 8.6 Sumatra earthquake reveal unprecedented complexity of dynamic rupture. The surprisingly large magnitude results from the combination of deep extent, high stress drop, and rupture of multiple faults. Back-projection source imaging indicates that the rupture occurred on distinct planes in an orthogonal conjugate fault system, with relatively slow rupture speed. The east-southeast-west-northwest ruptures add a new dimension to the seismotectonics of the Wharton Basin, which was previously thought to be controlled by north-south strike-slip faulting. The rupture turned twice into the compressive quadrant, against the preferred branching direction predicted by dynamic Coulomb stress calculations. Orthogonal faulting and compressional branching indicate that rupture was controlled by a pressure-insensitive strength of the deep oceanic lithosphere.