鳙在不同保藏温度下的鲜度变化

为了阐明不同保藏温度对淡水鱼类鲜度变化的影响,采用K值、TVB-N、细菌总数和感官检定等 4种鲜度指标,对鳙在 20℃～-3℃范围的 5种不同温度贮藏中的鲜度变化进行比较系统的测定和考察。结果表明:(1)鳙的鲜度变化。在20℃和10℃常温下速度很快,保鲜期从数小时到4天;在 0℃前后的3种低温下速度变慢,保鲜期最长的可达 11天。(2)4种鲜度指标中,以感官的一、二、三级为基准,K 值的一、二级鲜度大体高于或等于感官的一、二级;而 TVB-N 一、二级鲜度(也包括细菌总数)则大体相当于或低于感官二、三级,显示了K值作为代表鱼体死后早期高鲜度等级的特征。(3)计算K 值变化速度常数 k_f 值表明 20℃的 K值变化速度较 10℃高6.3倍,而10℃较0℃仅高3.9倍,显示保持接近 0℃的低温,能明显抑制K值的变化,保持较好的鲜度。文中并指出了在5℃以下的低温范围,由于TVB-N 的数量水平偏低,似不适于作为鳙一类淡水鱼鳞度指标,认为在我国采用 K 值鲜度指标更适合淡水鱼高鲜度质量标准的要求。     

光合细菌提高凡纳滨对虾幼体抗逆性的研究

人工引入光合细菌于凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中,监测与养殖环境相关的水质因子(氨氮、亚硝酸氮、化学需氧量)的变化;观察不同光合细菌使用浓度下凡纳滨对虾对人工制造的胁迫环境的抗逆性;观测不同光合细菌使用浓度下凡纳滨对虾的成活率与体重增长率。研究光合细菌对水质改善和凡纳滨对虾抗逆性的影响。结果表明,光合细菌能显著(P<0.05)降低水体中的化学需氧量、氨氮含量并抑制亚硝酸盐氮的产生;当光合细菌投放浓度为3×103cfu/mL时,水体中化学需氧量、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量的均值分别比对照组降低了31.59%、43.42%、52.20%;成活率比对照组提高了18.67%,体重增长率是对照组的1.34倍;当光合细菌使用浓度为3×102cfu/mL~3×104cfu/mL时,对虾抗逆性显著(P<0.05)增强,对虾在氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、高锰酸钾、甲醛胁迫下24 h的成活率均值分别比对照组提高了36.67%、25.00%、26.39%、10.00%。     

Nitrate removal efficiency and bacterial community of polycaprolactone-packed bioreactors treating water from a recirculating aquaculture system

A denitrification reactor packed with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a carbon source and biofilm carrier was developed to remove nitrate nitrogen (\( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \)) from the water of a recirculating aquaculture system for 115 days. The hydraulic retention time was set to 6 h, and the water flow rate was 0.95 L h^?1. The removal rates of \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) ranged from 34.67 to 155.7 g \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) m^?3 day^?1 when the effluent \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) concentrations ranged between 1.62 and 72.25 mg L^?1. No obvious changes in the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the PCL before and after use were observed. Bacterial community structure in the biofilm of the PCL granules was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were predominant in the biofilm, with relative abundances of 63.9 and 27.4%, respectively. Three genera, Acidovorax, Azospira, and Diaphorobacter, were capable of both denitrification and PCL degradation. This study indicates that PCL-packed reactors may be used and optimized for removing nitrate from aquaculture effluents.     

养殖密度对宝石鲈生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验对循环水养殖系统中不同养殖密度宝石鲈(50,100,150,220尾/m3)的生长性能及血液生化指标进行比较.结果表明,150尾/m3组宝石鲈的生长较有优势,其特定生长率(1.61%/d)和存活率(89%)均较高,饲料系数较低(1.70);密度对血液中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和胆红素的影响显著(P＜0.05),随养殖密度增加其浓度呈上升趋势,均在220尾/m3密度组上升最多;密度对血清无机离子(钾、钠、氯、镁、磷)也有影响.综合认为循环水养殖条件下,150尾/m3养殖密度组宝石鲈生长效果较具优势.     

Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on growth performance,health status and fillet fatty acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii Brandt ♂)

An 8‐week trial was conducted to determine the effects of total replacement of 12.9% fish oil (FO) with soybean oil (SBO), peanut oil (PNO), sunflower seed oil (SFSO), corn oil (CO) and canola oil (CNO) on growth performance, health status and fillet fatty acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (194.28 ± 0.14 g). Compared to the FO group, dietary SBO decreased growth performance (p < .05), increased serum glucose and hepatic lipid content (p < .05). No obvious adverse effects on growth performance and health status were observed in PNO, SFSO and CO groups (p > 0.05). The fish fed with CNO had increased growth performance (p < .05), reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL‐C (p < .05) and enhanced serum GSH‐Px, T‐AOC, and LZM, MPO, C4 (p < .05). The contents of C18:1n9, C18:2n6, and ∑n‐3 PUFA and ∑n‐6 PUFA in fillets showed a positive linear correlation with the diets (p < .05). In summary, PNO, SFSO and CO are probable alternative lipid sources to fully replace FO. Hybrid sturgeon prefers to use CNO as a lipid source with improved growth performance and health status. The fillet fatty acid composition mirrors the dietary fatty acid composition.     

鞍带石斑鱼仔稚（幼）鱼的发育和生长研究

对鞍带石斑鱼的仔稚幼鱼形态发育的各个阶段进行了观察与研究,详细描述从初孵仔鱼到幼鱼各个发育时期的形态特征和发育时间。根据卵黄囊的变化,长鳍棘的长出与收缩,鳞片和体色斑纹的出现,鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育可以划分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期。仔鱼期又可分为卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼。水温27～30℃,盐度27～31,pH值8.0～8.4的海水中培育,初孵仔鱼至孵化后2日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼。2日龄仔鱼开口,3日龄至20日龄为后期仔鱼,22日龄至30日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄进入幼鱼期。鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育过程中最明显的变化是背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长和收缩,也是生产育苗当中比较关键的仔稚幼鱼变态过程。     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

涨渡湖黄颡鱼生长及资源利用

对涨渡湖黄颡鱼的形态特征、年龄与生长等进行了研究,得出年龄范围在1～4龄,其中以2～3龄为主,体长与体重的关系式为W=0.03L2.7996,为涨渡湖进一步利用和增养殖黄颡鱼提供了理论依据。     

鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展

鱼类早期生活史的研究，主要涉及卵和仔鱼发育，仔鱼最佳饲养条件、饵料密度、营养、生长、临界期、饥饿、捕食、环境耐力和毒性反应等和渔业密切相关的诸因子，是鱼类自然资源繁殖保护和养殖业苗种培育的基础。近二、三十年来，鱼类早期生活史研究已成为水产科学的一个崭新领域，在国际上受到广泛重视并迅速发展。国际海洋开发理事会(ICES)曾三次举行鱼类早期生活史学术讨论会，     

几种淡水养殖鱼死后僵硬的季节变化

几种淡水养殖鱼活杀死后在室全僵的时间（Ｔｒ）同其生活时的水温（ｔ）之间存在着良好的负相关，即ｌｎＴｒ＝５．０３７－０．１１６５ｔ（ｒ＝－０．９２３６），显示出明显的季节差异。死后僵硬还受致死方法影响，表现为活杀鱼的僵硬时间长，挣扎死的短，半死的近于二者之间。据此，讨论了在温度低，僵硬期长的季节，采用冰藏或１０℃以常温条件下活杀鲜鱼流通上市，拓宽淡水养殖鱼类流通渠道的可能性及活杀鲜鱼的鲜度质量指标等