阴外动脉灌注氨基酸对奶山羊乳腺摄取乳成分前体物的影响

 【目的】研究阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸对奶山羊乳腺摄取乳成分前体物（milk components precursors,MCP）的影响规律。【方法】选用2—3周岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和腹部皮下静脉血插管的关中奶山羊3只,由阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸,在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定乳蛋白前体物（milk protein precursors,MPP）、乳脂前体物（milk fat precursors,MFP）和乳糖前体物（milk lactose precursors,MLP）的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。【结果】阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式混合氨基酸改变了乳腺对MPP、MFP的摄取（P＜0.05）,乳腺对MLP的摄取理想模式组和平衡模式组均高于不灌注组,但理想模式组与不灌注组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,平衡模式组与不灌注组差异显著（P＜0.05）;不同氨基酸模式灌注组产奶量和乳成分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。【结论】阴外动脉中氨基酸的平衡改变了乳腺对乳成分前体物的摄取,有利于乳的合成。本试验条件下,阴外动脉中必需氨基酸达到理想平衡（AABI=0.972）时乳腺对MCP的摄取效果最佳。     

草原红牛转铁蛋白和后转铁蛋白多态性及其与生产性能相关性研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood protein polymorphism of red steppe and its performance.[Method]Two blood protein polymorphic loci were detected in transferring(Tf)and posttremsferr(Ptf)from thirteen red steppes and eighteen hybrid of limousin and red steppe by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.[Result]Tf and Ptf were controlled by three and two alleles respectively.[Conclusion]The variance analysis of blood protein polymorphic loci and its performance indicates that two protein loci have a positive or negative correlation with some traits of red steppe and the improved limousin cattle population.     

欧拉羊与乔科羊杂交后代屠宰性能分析

用欧拉羊杂交改良乔科羊,生产的欧乔杂交F1代羔羊,18月龄时公、母羊体重增加9.06kg和3.77 kg,比对照组分别提高了20.92%和9.08%。试验组F1代18月龄公、母羊体重、体高、胸围及公羊体长极显著的高于对照组(P(0.01);母羊体长显著高于同期对照组母羊(P(0.05)。屠宰试验结果表明,欧乔杂交F1代18月龄公、母羊屠宰前活重比同龄的乔科羊对照组后代分别高8.94 kg和6.00 kg,胴体重比同龄的乔科羊对照组后代分别高4.88 kg和3.27 kg,差异极显著;屠宰率比同龄的乔科羊对照组后代分别高1.43%和1.10%,差异不显著。     

An Evaluation of the Introduction of Modified Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province, China, Using Surveys of Farmers＇ Households

Problems associated with land degradation are serious in China. Sloping land in South China has experienced a decline in crop productivity by 30-60% due to soil erosion and it has been predicted that most topsoil will be lost within the next 100 years if current erosion rates continue. Considering these situations, an agro-environmental research and development project （Sustainable Highland Agriculture in South-East Asia- SHASEA） was conducted in a catchment in Yunnan Province, China, to address the objectives of increasing crop productivity in sustainable and environmentally-friendly ways. A range of cropping practices was developed and implemented in a rural upland catchment （Wang Jia）. At the end of the project, farmers were surveyed to evaluate project effectiveness. All farmers from Wang Jia Catchment, who were involved in project implementation, were surveyed. A sample of farmers working in an adjacent catchment （not associated with the project） was surveyed for comparative purposes. Farmers had different perceptions of the cropping practices employed. Contour cultivation was preferred and likely to be adopted. Others practices such as straw mulching and intercropping were seen as less appropriate and unlikely to be adopted. Polythene mulch was recognized as effective, but likely to be adopted only if financial returns were favourable. The availability of relevant information had an important impact on the extent of technology testing by farmers and their willingness to adopt the practices in the future.     

Paleontology and Chronology of Two Evolutionary Transitions by Hybridization in the Bahamian Land Snail Cerion

The late Quaternary fossil record of the Bahamian land snail Cerion on Great Inagua documents two transitions apparently resulting from hybridization. In the first, a localized modern population represents the hybrid descendants of a 13,000-year-old fossil form from the same area, introgressed with the modern form now characteristic of the adjacent regions. In the second case, a chronocline spanning 15,000 to 20,000 years and expressing the transition of an extinct fossil form to the modern form found on the south coast was documented by morphometry of fossils dated by amino acid racemization and radiocarbon. Hybrid intermediates persisted for many thousands of years.     

农业科研事业单位人才结构浅析——以湖南省棉花科学研究所为例

分析了湖南省棉花科学研究所2008年与2013年人才状况,对目前人才队伍建设中存在的主要问题以及可能发展的趋势进行了研究,在此基础上提出了一些对策。