冬季日光温室的保温措施及对天气性灾害的预防对策

高效节能日光温室以太阳能为主要能源 ,不加温或临时加温就能进行果菜类生产 ,但近几年发展的温室偏高偏宽 ,保温措施又跟不上 ,结果在1 999年冬至 2 0 0 0年春雪多、严寒的条件下 ,不少温室出现了 2℃以下低温 ,甚至冻害 ,使果菜类生产受到很大影响 ,造成了很大的损失。对此 ,我站经过试验和调研 ,提出如下的保温措施及对天气灾害性的对策 ,使果菜类冬季能在日光温室得以正常生长 ,进一步提高冬季蔬菜生产的经济效益和社会效益 ,保证我市保护地蔬菜生产持续发展。1　温室结构与保温的关系沈阳市地处北纬 41°以北 ,冬至太阳高度角低 ,中午 …     

Axial pattern flap based on a cutaneous branch of the facial artery in cats

Objective: To describe the cutaneous portion of the facial artery in cats and an axial pattern flap based on a branch of this artery. Study Design: Ex vivo study. Sample Population: Cat cadavers (n=12). Methods: The common carotid artery was identified, cannulated, and infused with methylene blue to assist in the identification of the facial artery, which was subsequently cannulated and selectively infused with methylene blue. The main trunk of the artery and its branches were dissected. The extent of blue coloration of the skin was evaluated on the contralateral side of the same specimen after infusing methylene blue into the facial artery. In 4 specimens, the flap was raised along previously defined borders and adequacy of perfusion was evaluated. Results: The area of skin perfused by the facial artery extended from the lower eyelid dorsally, to the angularis oris cranially, and the wing of the atlas caudally. Borders of the skin flap were defined on the basis of the anatomic dissection and skin coloration after selective infusion of the facial artery with methylene blue. A skin flap of 6 cm × 3.4 cm, based on the first caudally directed cutaneous branch of the facial artery was shown to be well perfused. The viability of this flap was confirmed in a clinical case. Conclusion: The facial artery flap is useful for repair of skin defects of the head in cats.     

Development and validation of a novel laboratory model of sound-induced fear and anxiety in Beagle dogs

Disorders of fear and anxiety are significant behavioral and physiological concerns in veterinary medicine. Thus, the present studies sought to develop and validate novel preclinical laboratory models for the development of anxiolytics for the veterinary market. Specifically, noise-induced sensitivity and aversion using thunderstorm recordings on an open-field task in Beagle dogs was used to establish this model. This thunderstorm task was based on the open-field tests previously described for the dog, except that a thunderstorm recording, compiled from desensitization compact discs, played during the middle of the test was used to elicit anxious or fearful responses in laboratory dogs. Initially, we compared the behavioral response on this test with that on an open-field test, in which no sound stimulus was provided. When compared with the open field, the thunderstorm recording increased inactivity duration and frequency, which was related to freezing behaviors and near-door duration. This suggests that we can objectively characterize a fear and anxious response to noise. We then attempted to pharmacologically validate this model by testing 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg doses of diazepam on this behavioral outcome. In test-naïve subjects, diazepam reduced the increase in inactivity seen at washout compared with that seen at baseline, suggesting that this paradigm may be useful for establishing the effect of drugs that reduce or prevent sensitization to fear-invoking events. In test-experienced subjects, diazepam reduced inactivity compared with both baseline and washout, indicating that this model may be useful for screening drugs counteracting fear and phobia, as well as anticipatory anxiety responses. Interestingly, diazepam stimulated behavioral activity as measured with the Actiwatch method. The test described here provides a laboratory method for testing therapeutics targeted at reducing either anxiety or fear related to noise sensitivity and aversion in pet dogs.     

箱型矮栏养猪好

自1960年来,已建造了数千幢部分或全部漏缝地板的肥育猪舍,但每头肥育猪的空间有限,通常为O.54~O.64平方米.在西欧进行的比较试验证明,当采用部分漏缝地板,且每头猪有o.70平方米空间时,技术效益较好.而如果猪能在箱型矮栏里休息,效果就更佳好动的肥育猪一般不怕贼风或低温的影响.试验表明,把饲喂和排粪区与躺卧区分开,是很有利的.躺卧区三面能够关闭,并可用顶盖覆盖,以创造     

Web-based, interactive simulation of an anesthesia machine

Gases are transparent and the piping layout in anesthesia machines is not obvious, making it hard to understand anesthesia machine function, potential failure modes, and recovery from faults. We experimented with an approach that simplified the layout of the anesthesia machine piping by removing extraneous details and making gases not only visible, but also color-coded. More than 15 anesthesia machine controls were represented by icons that a user can adjust by clicking on the icon with a pointing device and subsequently observing the effect of his/her intervention on anesthesia machine function in real time. We simulated two anesthesia machine failures and also supported non-English languages and non-US gas color codes. Further, we initiated an experiment in Web philanthropy by deliberately choosing to make the educational module accessible without charge and selected the Web as the preferred medium for dissemination of the Virtual Anesthesia Machine (VAM) viewable at http://www.anest.ufl.edu/vam . Originally designed for use in human anesthesiology, a significant percentage (about 30%) of the 54 000 international visitors, as tracked by an independent third-party Web traffic monitoring service, for the period 9/00–5/02, were from the veterinary field. VAM is being used as part of the curriculum in veterinary programs in the US and overseas and has been well received by the global anesthesia community (human and veterinary).     

Comparison of the effects of adrafinil, propentofylline, and nicergoline on behavior in aged dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of adrafinil, propentofylline, and nicergoline for enhancing behavior of aged dogs. ANIMALS: 36 Beagles between 9 and 16 years old. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive adrafinil (20 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 24 h; n = 12), propentofylline (5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; 12), or nicergoline (0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h; 12) for 33 days. Baseline behaviors in an open field and in kennels (home cage) were recorded before treatment. After treatment, behaviors in the open field were recorded 2 hours after drug administration on days 2, 15, and 28, and 10 hours after administration on days 7, 20, and 33. Behaviors in the home cage were recorded 2 and 7 hours after drug administration on days 4, 17, and 30. RESULTS: Treatment with adrafinil resulted in a significant increase in locomotion in each of the open-field tests and an increase in locomotion in the home cage. This latter increase was smaller and more variable than that in the open field. Locomotion was not affected by treatment with propentofylline or nicergoline. In the open field, sniffing decreased over time in all 3 groups, but the largest decline was observed in the propentofylline group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with adrafinil may improve the quality of life of aged dogs by increasing exploratory behavior and alertness.     

兽药产品区域市场营销策略

传统的营销模式已经不能满足企业发展的需求，建立新的兽药产品区域市场营销体系是兽药企业的选择。