用Windows NT Server 4.0组成局域网及应用

ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＮＴＳｅｒｖｅｒ４．０与Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５具有相同的图形界面,对系统的管理和维护非常方便、直观。使用该系统很容易组成一个实用、高效的局域网,还能提供多种服务。如：ＤＮＳ、Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ、ＷＷＷ等。     

冀东水稻品种农艺性状演变的灰色分析

综合冀东水稻四个推广时期２１个代表品种农艺性状的演变趋势,用灰色关联度分析法对性状间变化态势的异同及相互影响程度的分析表明：单株产量,全生育期,穗粒数和千粒重大幅度增加;株高和穗长趋向增加;单株穗数和结实率变化不大。关联度分析结果与各性状演变的趋势基本一致。     

土壤中重金属复合污染的表征

综述了土壤中重金属复合污染表征方法的研究进展,目的在于为农业生态环境中重金属污染的研究和防治提供参考     

太白洋参化学成分的研究

对太白洋参中的脂肪酸、有机酸及１５种化学元素进行了测定和分析。结果表明,太白洋参中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸的７６．８２％,且主要由亚麻酸、亚油酸和油酸组成;太白洋参中富含酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸和柠檬酸４种有机酸及Ｍｇ,Ｃａ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｐ５种化学元素,这些化学成分在人体生命运动中起着非常重要的作用     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸在猪生产中的研究进展

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)是精氨酸合成链中N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)的类似物,可替代NAG作为机体合成精氨酸的外源前体物质,在畜禽生产具有增强机体免疫能力、促进生长发育、提高繁殖性能、改善胴体品质等作用.文章结合近年国内外研究结果就NCG的主要生物学作用及其在猪生产的应用效果作一综述,以期为NCG在猪生产中的广泛应用提供...     

麦套玉米土壤温度动态变化的研究

麦套玉米共生期,小麦有遮荫和屏障作用。土壤的日平均温度、地面最高温度和日较差均为单作玉米>麦套畦埂玉米>麦套行玉米,地面最低温度则相反;此变化以晴天最为显著,多云天气次之,阴雨天最小。土壤温度日变化均随土层深度的增加而降低,表层变化大于下层,深层变化平缓。因此,土壤温度低是造成麦套玉米出苗晚、根系和植株生长慢的主要原因。     

Characterization of microbial communities in intensive GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pond systems during the peak period of breeding

Aquaculture pond is a complex ecosystem where the microorganisms in the sediments, in the animal intestinal tract and in water interact with each other to influence the water quality and health of aquatic animals. In order to understand the spatial distribution and relationship of microbial communities in intensively farmed genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), 454 high‐throughput pyrosequencing was applied to analyse the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in intensive GIFT ponds in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 72 747 initial sequences were obtained from four depths of pond water, from tilapia large intestines and from pond sediment. The most common phylum in all samples was Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant in water, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes in the large intestine and Chloroflexi in sediment samples. The sediment microbial community structure was comparatively similar to that of the tilapia large intestine. The microbial communities from different water depths were somewhat similar, especially the three most shallow samples, although the abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased with increased water depth. This data offer a preliminary exploration of the response mechanisms of the bacterial communities to aquafarming and contributes to the understanding of the status of bacterial communities of tilapia pond systems during the peak period of breeding from the aspect of their spatial distributions.     

Rapid detection of SNPs in candidate genes regulating the growth of orange‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), using semiconductor sequencing

Orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most important marine food species in Southeast Asia and China and has been cultured for decades. In this study, we fully utilized the limited capacity of semiconductor sequencing, the high efficiency of long‐range PCR for target enrichment and a non‐indexed pooling strategy to screen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a breeding population of orange‐spotted grouper. Forty‐one genomic DNA fragments, with a total length of approximately 180 kb, including 22 candidate genes that control growth, and from a DNA pool of 20 heaviest and 22 lightest individuals of the sampled population were successfully sequenced using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. 3 503 466 clear reads were produced with a length of 192 ± 56 bp, 86.8% of which were mapped to the reference with an average coverage depth of 2567‐fold and physical coverage of 98.8%. Finally, 1623 high‐quality SNPs were adopted. Compared with Sanger sequencing of three random common regions, the sensitivity and specificity of our approach were 39.4% and 100.0% respectively. A mutation located at the third position of the previously labelled start codon of growth hormone receptor type 1 invalidated the start codon. Furthermore, comparison of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this site between the two extreme groups, prediction of signal peptide and identification of conservative mRNA sequences suggested that the functional start codon is likely located at the position of another downstream in‐frame ATG in the mutant. These detected SNP markers will provide important tools for the selective breeding of orange‐spotted grouper.     

Effects of stocking density on lipid deposition and expression of lipid-related genes in Amur sturgeon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser schrenckii</Emphasis>)

To investigate the correlation between lipid deposition variation and stocking density in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) and the possible physiological mechanism, fish were conducted in different stocking densities (LSD 5.5 kg/m³, MSD 8.0 kg/m³, and HSD 11.0 kg/m³) for 70 days and then the growth index, lipid content, lipase activities, and the mRNA expressions of lipid-related genes were examined. Results showed that fish subjected to higher stocking density presented lower final body weights (FBW), specific growth ratio (SGR), and gonad adipose tissue index (GAI) (P < 0.05). Lower lipid content was observed in the liver, gonad adipose tissue and muscle in sturgeons held in HSD group (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly with increasing stocking density, while no significant change was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, the cDNAs encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) were isolated in Amur sturgeon, respectively. The full-length LPL cDNA was composed of 1757 bp with an open reading frame of 501 amino acids, while the complete nucleotide sequences of HL covered 1747 bp encoding 499 amino acids. In the liver, the activities and mRNA levels of LPL were markedly lower in HSD group, which were consistent with the variation tendency of HL. Fish reared in HSD group also presented lower levels of activities and mRNA expression of LPL in the muscle and gonad. Moreover, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in both the liver and skeletal muscle were significantly upregulated in HSD group. Overall, the results indicated that high stocking density negatively affects growth performance and lipid deposition of Amur sturgeon to a certain extent. The downregulation of LPL and HL and the upregulation of PPARα may be responsible for the lower lipid distribution of Amur sturgeon in higher stocking density.     

砾石层中适宜选用的钻进方法

本文作者结合工程实践,简单明确的对在不同地区、砾石层中的钻进方法进行了论述。