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21.
G E Burrows G W Horn R W McNew L I Croy R D Keeton J Kyle 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(6):1682-1689
Sodium nitrate was administered through rumen cannulae to produce NO-3 intoxication in four cows (382 to 445 kg body wt) fed prairie grass hay and a protein-mineral supplement. The cows were fed 0, 1.6 or 3.2 kg of dry rolled corn daily for 10 d prior to sodium nitrate administration. Sodium nitrate administration was followed by a marked increase in intraruminal NO-2 and NH3 and blood NO-2 and methemoglobin. Six of eight cows fed 0 and 1.6 kg of corn were given methylene blue to treat severe methemoglobinemia, while none of the cows fed 3.2 kg corn required such therapy. Feeding of 3.2 kg of corn protected against nitrate poisoning by reducing intraruminal nitrite and blood methemoglobin (P less than .05). 相似文献
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Effects of allopurinol in experimental endotoxin shock in horses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F Lochner S Sangiah G Burrows R Shawley R McNew J Walker 《Research in veterinary science》1989,47(2):178-184
The effect of allopurinol pretreatment 12 hours before an intraperitoneal challenge with a sublethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin (50 micrograms kg-1) was evaluated in 18 horses. The horses were divided among three equal groups: 1-endotoxin alone; 2-5 mg allopurinol kg-1 bodyweight plus endotoxin; and 3-50 mg allopurinol kg-1 bodyweight plus endotoxin. A variety of evaluation parameters were used. No differences among the groups were noted in rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, haematological values, blood PaO2, blood PaCO2, blood pH or blood bicarbonate. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences between the groups were noted as regards the changes in capillary refill time, base excess, blood glucose, blood lactate, blood beta-glucuronidase and recumbency time. The protection afforded by 5 mg allopurinol kg-1 appeared to be superior to that with 50 mg allopurinol kg-1. 相似文献
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The effect of feeding low quality roughages (LQR) on live and carcass weight gains and the incidence and severity of bloat of stocker cattle grazed on wheat pasture was evaluated in a 3 yr study. One hundred eighty-five steer calves (172 kg mean initial weight) grazed clean-tilled wheat pasture and were either fed no LQR or had ad libitum access to wheat straw (WS) or sorghum-Sudan hay (SS). Grazing periods were (I) fall grazing, (II) winter grazing, (III) period of lush spring growth of wheat forage and (IV) period of advancing forage maturity and declining quality. Mean dry matter (DM), crude protein and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (percentage of DM) of wheat forage averaged across years ranged, respectively, from 23.8 to 33.0, 19.8 to 26.4 and 21.5 to 27.7. Mean daily consumption (kg DM/head) of WS and SS by steers ranged from .076 to .100 and .199 to .248, respectively. Live and carcass weight gains of steers during Periods I through III (i.e., the usual wheat pasture grazing period) were not influenced (P greater than .05) by treatments. Carcass weight gains were about 74% of live weight gains. Bloat was observed only during the last 2 wk of Period III of the first year. The incidence (steer days of bloat) and severity (bloat score) of control, WS- and SS-fed steers were 9.5 and 1.2, .5 and .5 and 2.0 and 1.0, and were not different (P greater than .05) among treatments. Intake of WS and SS [g/body weight (BW).75kg] during Periods I to III was, respectively, only about 5 and 12% of roughage intakes (i.e., 37.5 g/BW.75kg) reported in the literature to "effectively control" or aid the prevention of bloat. It seems unlikely that LQR consumed to amounts similar to those of this study would control bloat of stocker cattle on wheat pasture. 相似文献
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The effects of ammoniation of wheat straw on site and extent of digestion of nutrients by cattle and the nutritive value of the N added to the straw were studied using eight Hereford steers during three consecutive 21-d periods and analyzed in an incomplete block design with steers and periods as orthogonal blocking factors. The steers, approximately 30 mo old and weighing 360 +/- 24 kg, were cannulated in the rumen, duodenum and ileum. Diets consisted of untreated (US) or ammoniated (AS) wheat straw supplemented with a mineral-vitamin mixture. Steers fed US received four supplements in which the percentages of supplemental N from soybean meal (SBM) and urea were 0:100; 33:67; 67:33 or 100:0. Percentage of N and in vitro DM digestibility values were increased in US by the ammoniation process from .42 to 1.82 and 34.8 to 54.3, respectively. Total tract digestibility of OM consumed was similar among treatments, although total tract digestibility of dietary N was decreased by ammoniation. Ammoniation doubled (P less than .05) the synthesis of microbial N per unit of dietary OM truly fermented in the rumen. When SBM and urea were fed in combination they depressed (P less than .10) microbial N flow and synthesis of microbial N per unit of OM truly fermented more than each depressed flow and synthesis individually. The nutritive value of the increased N of AS was equivalent to between 67 and 100% of SBM N based on amounts (g/d) of non-ammonia N apparently digested in the small intestine. 相似文献
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PR Kenyon GL Pinchbeck NR Perkins ST Morris DM West 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):371-377
AIM: To identity perceptions of farmers with respect to advantages of hogget lambing and to identify optimal management strategies for hogget lambing used in New Zealand. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 1,038 sheep farmers in New Zealand who had indicated their hoggets would be lambing in 2002. Information was gathered on the practice of hogget lambing in New Zealand, in particular on the numbers and breeds of hoggets and rams used, selection criteria used for hoggets, use of teasers (vasectomised rams), length of mating period, use of mating crayons, vaccinations, medications and mineral supplements given, level of feed offered, use of pregnancy scanning, management during pregnancy and lambing, number of lambs present at docking, and shearing policies for hoggets. Farmers were also asked to indicate the relative importance of five stated reasons for choosing to have their hoggets mated in 2002. RESULTS: A total of 629 (60.6%) responses were incorporated in the analysis, and the average percentage of hogget lambing was 60%. Use of vaccinations, length of the mating period, number of rams used, breed of hogget, weight at mating, management during lactation, and shearing policy were associated (p<0.05) with the lambing performance of hoggets, in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that to ensure high lambing percentages (LP) in hoggets in New Zealand, sheep farmers should: vaccinate hoggets against toxoplasmosis and campylobacteriosis; utilise a 40-day mating period; use 2.6–3.5% of rams during mating; incorporate Finn or East Friesian genetics; ensure liveweights at mating are as high as possible; manage single- and multiple-bearing/-rearing hoggets separately during the lambing and lactation periods; and shear hoggets pre-mating. 相似文献