Clinical experience with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in the management of canine and feline corneal disease

PURPOSE: To examine and evaluate clinical indications and postoperative outcome in a series of small animal patients in which corneal disease was managed by the application of butyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study all small animal patients were identified that presented to the Royal Veterinary College, University of London over a 2-year period, in which corneal disease was managed by the application of butyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Indications for application, complicating factors prior to gluing, glue retention time, postoperative comfort, and extent of subsequent corneal reaction and scarring were noted for each case. Long-term follow-up data concerning visual and cosmetic outcome were obtained from owners and referring veterinarians. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients (28 dogs and 9 cats), in which 39 eyes were treated, were identified. Indications for corneal gluing in this series included stromal ulceration (26/39 eyes); descemetocele (4/39 eyes); corneal laceration/foreign body (5/39 eyes); lamellar keratectomy (3/39 eyes) and superficial ulceration (1/39 eyes). At least one factor responsible for initiation, persistence or progression of the ulcer was identified in 66.7% of eyes prior to corneal gluing. These included keratomalacia; confirmed bacterial keratitis; corneal edema related to endothelial disease and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Cyanoacrylate was generally well tolerated by patients with only 8/34 eyes demonstrating transient blepharospasm and increased lacrimation postoperatively. Retention time of cyanoacrylate varied widely from < 1 week to approximately 6 months, but was < 2 months in the majority (89%) of eyes. Exaggerated corneal vascularization was an infrequent postoperative complication, noted in only six canine eyes, and did not appear to be related to initial corneal disease, glue retention time or breed. CONCLUSIONS: Butyl 2-cyanoacrylate offers a convenient, economical and effective alternative to other treatment modalities, such as conjunctival grafts, in the management of corneal defects in canine and feline patients.     

A study of the morphology of canine eyes enucleated or eviscerated due to complications following phacoemulsification

This study was undertaken to describe the histopathologic abnormalities observed in canine eyes enucleated or eviscerated due to complications following phacoemulsification; to correlate these findings with the clinical abnormalities reported, and to suggest, if apparent, likely causes and effects of these abnormalities. Sixty-six canine globes or evisceration samples received for histopathologic interpretation over a 10-year period (1990-2000) were studied. All globes and evisceration samples were obtained from clinical patients examined by board-certified ophthalmologists. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stained sections were examined by light microscopy in every case. A tissue Gram stain was used when indicated. Clinical information obtained from the pathology submission form was reviewed in all cases, and obtained from questionnaires completed and returned by an ophthalmologist for 51 cases (77%). The most frequent histopathologic diagnoses were glaucoma (76%) and retinal detachment (64%). The most frequently reported clinical abnormalities in this series were glaucoma (86%) and uveitis (82%). Five problem areas were identified that appear to make a significant contribution to the failure of canine cataract surgery and merit further investigation: pre-iridal fibrovascular membranes; lens fiber regrowth; lens epithelial membranes; endophthalmitis, and the health of the corneal surgical incision.     

贵州优良草坪草种质资源评价

通过对1998－2000年引种征集的19个草坪草品种特性试验以及对供试草种的密度、质地、色泽、均一性、抗性等进行测定，分析表明：参试的19个草坪草品种，大多数在独山地区的气候、土壤等自然条件下生长良好，是较理想的草坏草，可供生产上利用。     

Chronological Appearance of Apoptosis in Bovine Embryos Reconstructed by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer from Quiescent Granulosa Cells

Efficiency of cloning has remained low and in spite of attempts to improve this technology, many reconstructed embryos do not implant or are lost during early pregnancy. Chromosomal aberrations, deviant gene expression patterns and abnormal regulation of cell death may be involved in this increased early embryonic loss. Here, we investigate the chronological onset of both apoptotic changes in nuclear morphology and DNA degradation [detected by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) reaction] in bovine two-cell- to blastocyst-stage embryos. Such embryos were generated either by reconstruction with nuclear transfer from quiescent granulosa cells or by regular in vitro embryo production. Nuclear condensation was observed from the two-cell stage and TUNEL labelling was observed from the six-cell stage in reconstructed embryos, whereas nuclear condensation was evident from the eight-cell stage and TUNEL labelling from the 13-cell stage in embryos derived in vitro. Furthermore, reconstructed embryos displayed elevated ratios of embryos containing apoptotic nuclei at pre-compaction stages and higher indices of apoptotic nuclei in morula and blastocyst stages when compared with in vitro-produced embryos.     

Conjunctival flora observed in 70 healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes of 70 healthy domestic rabbits and cultured to determine the microbial population. Bacteria were recovered from 83 per cent of the specimens. DNase-negative Staphylococcus species (57 per cent) were the most commonly recovered organisms followed by Micrococcus species (25 per cent) and Bacillus species (19 per cent). Other organisms isolated included Stomatococcus species (8 per cent), Neisseria species (8 per cent), Pasteurella species (6 per cent), Corynebacterium species (6 per cent), Streptococcus species (6 per cent) and Moraxella species (4 per cent), and other bacteria were isolated less frequently. Statistical analysis showed that there appeared to be no significant difference between the bacterial isolation rates from different breeds of rabbit. Significantly more of the swabs taken from young rabbits yielded cultivable bacteria than did those taken from rabbits over 12 months of age.     

补饲马铃薯藤对山羊生长性能、消化率和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在探讨马铃薯藤饲喂水平对山羊生长性能、养分消化率和胴体特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（14.42±0.24）kg的40头山羊随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头。T1组仅饲喂干草,T2组饲喂干草+100%马铃薯藤,T3组饲喂干草+50%马铃薯藤+50%浓缩料,T4组饲喂100%浓缩料。在为期10周的饲养试验后屠宰,分析胴体特征。结果：T2～T4组山羊的末重、增重、日增重和饲料效率显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,其中T1组山羊的日增重和增重均表现出负增长。T2～T4组山羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和代谢能摄入量均显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,但T2和T3组山羊中性洗涤纤维摄入量显著高于T1和T4组（P＜0.05）。T2、T3和T4组山羊干物质和有机物表观消化率显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,T4组山羊粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）。T2、T3和T4组山羊屠体重、热胴体重、眼肌面积、可食用内脏和不可食用内脏重量均显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）。T3组山羊的屠宰率显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。结论：在干草为基础的日粮中添加马铃薯藤可以提高山羊采食量、饲料转换率、养分消化率、屠宰率和胴体特征。 [关键词]马铃薯藤|山羊|生长性能|消化率|胴体特征