基于风云3B微波亮温数据的内蒙古草原牧区雪深反演研究

基于内蒙古草原牧区2011~2013年两个积雪季的国产卫星FY-3B双极化亮温数据,通过使用2012年MODIS的MCD12Q1土地覆盖类型产品数据提取内蒙古牧区草地植被类型,同时使用与FY-3B数据同期的MOD10A1日积雪覆盖产品剔除研究区内无积雪覆盖的像元,进而得到内蒙古草原牧区有积雪覆盖区域的FY-3B影像各像元的亮温数据。将亮温数据与研究区内相应的野外固定实验站观测数据及呼伦贝尔市的7个气象站点雪深观测数据建立回归拟合关系,初步建立了基于FY-3B亮温数据的适合于内蒙古草原牧区的雪深反演模型,模型参数拟合决定系数R2为0.59。使用2012年研究区雪深观测值检验模型,均方根误差为3.12cm,平均相对误差为18%,表明所建立的雪深反演模型能够较好地估算和识别内蒙古草原牧区雪深的空间分布特征。     

Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early,middle and late gestation periods

Background: Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.Methods: Healthy animals(2,205) were selected and divided into early(day 1 to 95), middle(day 96 to 190) and late(day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein(TP), albumin(Alb), urea(UREA), glucose(Glu), total cholesterol(T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid(LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT), creatinine(Crea), calcium(Ca), inorganic phosphorous(i P) and magnesium(Mg)were analyzed using a TBA-40 FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.Results: Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.Conclusions: These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.     

中国施用生物炭对番茄产量和品质效应的Meta分析

为定量分析生物炭施用对番茄产量和品质的时空效应和影响机制,同时为番茄生产中生物炭合理施用量的确定提供依据。该研究通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用Meta-analysis法分析了生物炭施用条件下,生物炭特性、土壤条件、田间管理措施与时空特性对番茄产量和品质的综合效应,并对各影响因素进行通径分析。结果表明：施用生物炭显著增加了番茄产量、果实Vc、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量（P<0.05）,增长率分别为 30.7%（95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI） 为27.6%～33.9%）、13.8%（95% CI为10.8%～16.9%）、6.7%（95% CI为3.3%～10.2%）和10.7%（95% CI为5.8%～15.8%）,而番茄果实硝酸盐含量降低了3.1%（95% CI为-6.7%～0.8%）,对番茄果实糖酸比含量增加效应不显著（95% CI为-3.0%～7.9%）;番茄产量效应的亚组分析表明,生物炭施用在不同时间和区域特征下对番茄增产效应影响显著（P＜0.01）,随着时间的推移,生物炭施用对番茄增产效应呈波动式增长趋势,华北、东北农田区的番茄增产效应不显著;土壤有机质含量与番茄增产率呈正相关关系,土壤pH值与番茄增产率呈负相关关系,番茄增产率随土壤全氮及硝酸钾含量的增加呈先增后减趋势;田间管理措施对番茄产量效应分析结果表明,生物炭施加量>40～80 t/hm²时,增产率可达37.8%（95% CI为33.5%～42.1%）,生物炭热解温度在400～600 ℃内,生物炭pH值控制在>8～9为最优;生物炭施用量、生物炭pH值和产量年份是影响生物炭增产效果的3个主要因素。研究结果可为番茄生产中科学、合理生物炭施用量的确定提供理论支撑。     

Managing anthelmintic resistance: Is it feasible in New Zealand to delay the emergence of resistance to a new anthelmintic class?

The recent registration in New Zealand of the first new class of broad-spectrum anthelmintic, for use against nematode parasites of ruminants, in nearly three decades has raised the possibility that parasite management practices could be improved to minimise the emergence of resistance to the new drug. A review of knowledge pertaining to the selection of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep highlights a number of management practices which could be altered to achieve this.

A number of previously common practices such as whole-flock treatment of adult ewes around lambing, and treatment of lambs as they are moved onto pastures with low parasite contamination have been clearly identified as high risk for selecting resistant parasites. Once high-risk practices have been identified steps can be taken to either eliminate their use or mitigate the associated risk. Much of the focus on the management of resistance around the world is on the retention of susceptible genotypes in refugia. While approaches to retaining unselected parasites are likely to vary around the world, empirical studies indicate that the practice is likely to be effective at slowing the development of resistance. The challenge for farmers and advisors will be to strike a balance between retaining sufficient susceptible para-sites to usefully delay the development of resistance while not unduly compromising animal performance and farm profitability. The merits of combining different classes of anthelmintic in order to slow the development of resistance remains somewhat contentious in some countries. However, the attributes of oral anthelmintics are such that they seem likely to meet most, if not all, of the criteria for combinations to be highly effective at slowing the build-up of resistance in nematode parasites.

It is evident that considerable progress has been made in understanding the factors involved in selecting anthelmintic-resistant nematodes since the last broad-spectrum anthelmintic class was released in the early 1980s. Therefore, it should be possible to manage a new class of anthelmintic in such a way as to significantly extend its effective life. The challenge is likely to be in convincing farmers of the merits of adopting such pro-active strategies.     

Effect of Alkali Stress on Soluble Sugar, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Oat

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.     

浅谈北京秋季节日花卉应用

总结节日花卉应用背景和主要形式,并通过对2007年国庆期间北京模纹花坛、盛花花坛、花境的调查分析,归纳出北京秋季节日常用花卉名录,并从植物材料和创作手法方面总结节日花卉应用的特点。＂迎奥运花展＂为秋季节日花卉的应用提供了新的机遇,新奇植物品种和农作物的改良品种增加了植物材料的丰富性,也为日后秋季节日花卉的应用开辟新途径...     

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）研究进展

介绍了成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）的种类和作用机理。同时,对国内外对FGF在胚胎发育、器官形成及毛囊发育过程中的作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

pGRF基因质粒对猪生长性能及血液指标的影响

研究猪生长激素释放因子(pGRF)基因质粒对猪生长性能和血液指标的影响,选用24头大白×长白二元杂交去势公猪(平均体质量17.25±0.62 kg),随机分为4个处理,每处理6个重复,分别经臀部注射0、4、6和8 mg的pGRF基因质粒.结果表明:pGRF基因质粒对猪不同生长阶段的影响不同,注射pGRF基因质粒后1～8周效果好于9～15周且促生长效果与剂量有关.整个试验期以6 mg效果最佳,日增体质量(ADG)和耗料增重比(F/G)较对照组分别提高8.02%(P<0.05)和降低7.64%(P<0.05).注射4和6 mg pGRF基因质粒能显著提高猪血液中生长激素的浓度(P<0.05).在注射pGRF基因质粒105 d后,血液中血糖、血清尿素氮和甘油三酯与对照组无显著差异.     

2000-2014年浑善达克沙地植被覆盖变化研究

基于2000-2014年间植被生长季(4-10月)的MODIS NDVI数据反演浑善达克沙地地区植被覆盖变化,结合2000-2013年该地区周边11个气象站点的气温和降水数据,分别从年际变化和月变化角度分析该地区植被覆盖变化对气候变化的响应。研究表明,浑善达克沙地植被NDVI,不论是植被生长季平均值,还是其各月份值都呈上升趋势。研究区植被覆盖度的显著增加是气候和人为因素综合作用的结果, 一定程度上反映了生态恢复重建措施的有效性,但其植被NDVI年际变化趋势与降水量的关系更密切,其相关系数达到0.75,是驱动植被覆盖年际波动的最直接因素。在空间分布上,研究区的南部、中部和北部边缘区域的植被覆盖增加趋势较明显,而中部和西部部分区域未发生明显的趋势性变化。从月变化来看,4月草地植被变化受气温变化影响较明显;5-8月与前一月降水变化关系密切,说明植被生长对降水变化具有一定的滞后性。从沙地类型植被覆盖年际变化趋势看,所有类型都呈增加态势,增加态势最大的类型是移动沙地,最小的是固定沙地。