以色列野生二棱大麦农艺性状差异及相关性分析

为给野生大麦的遗传和基因资源的研究提供依据,对起源于以色列不同地区6个群体的16个生态型野生二棱大麦的物候性状进行了研究.结果表明,不同生态型间的物候性状差异明显.从个体水平上分析,其最大值均出现在湿生生态型中,除旗叶面积外,其最小值则出现在旱生生态型中;从群体水平上分析,除每穗粒数外,湿生型平均值皆高于旱生型平均值.曼-怀氏等级和检验显示,湿生型和旱生型之间的这些物候性状差异达到显著水平.斯皮尔曼秩相关性检验则表明,9个物候与性状间,除三叶期与粒重、穗粒重无相关性外,其余物候性状间均呈显著的相关性,其中生长期与旗叶面积、株高、穗长、芒长等呈显著正相关,与每穗粒数则呈显著负相关;芒长与旗叶面积、株高,稳长与株高存在显著正相关,而每穗粒数则与芒长和旗叶面积分别呈显著负相关,芒长与穗长亦呈显著正相关.分析表明,以色列不同地区野生大麦物候性状差异是其生境主导下生存选择的结果,其丰富的表现型多样性,可用于遗传与育种研究.     

The evaluation of piromidic acid as an antibiotic in fish: an in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract. The activity of piromidic acid (PA, 8-ethyl-5, 8-dihydro-5-oxo-2-prior lidinopyrido [2,3–d] pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid) against bacteria in fish was evaluated in vitro and in vivo .
In vitro , PA was effective against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria stocked in this laboratory and freshly isolated from fish. PA was active against organisms showing multiple drug-resistance and showed no cross-resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfamonomethoxine.
In vivo , orally administered PA was effective against experimental infections with Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio spp. in goldfish and eels. The efficacy of PA against these infections was equal to or higher than that of chloramphenicol, and higher than that of tetracycline. Distribution of PA in the Ash was investigated by bioassay and autoradiography. In the bioassay, orally administered PA was easily absorbed and distributed in the blood and tissues of major organs within 1 h after the administration. Peak levels were attained 2 to 4 h post dosing, and no residue was detected in the blood and tissues 48 h post dosing. The results obtained from the autoradiographic investigation in goldfish were similar to those from the bioassay. Therapeutic levels of PA were well tolerated by fish when administered with feed.     

Metabolism of fluorodifen by soil microorganisms

The metabolism of fluorodifen (p-nitrophenyl α,α,α,-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether) by soil microorganisms in the presence or absence of other carbon and nitrogen sources was studied. The degradation of this herbicide continued for 5 days, when benzoate or acetate and ammonium sulphate were included in the cultures, and for more than 5 weeks when fluorodifen was used as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen.Under all conditions nitrite ions were produced at concentrations ranging between 5 and 80 per cent of the nitro-nitrogen of the fluorodifen present. The highest concentration of nitrite was obtained when added carbon sources were used with fluorodifen. The lowest nitrite concentration accumulated when the fluorodifen was used as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The nitrite reached a maximum value after a few days of incubation, followed by rapid disappearance.p-Nitrophenol and quinol were identified in the acid-ether extract of cultures. It is suggested that the first step in the degradation of fluorodifen is the hydrolysis of the ether linkage followed by the direct elimination of the nitro-groups as nitrite ions.