廊坊温室春茬番茄生长与温度的关系及室温调控措施*

以番茄“MEISHUAI”品种为试验材料,研究了河北省廊坊市春茬番茄温室内气温的影响因素、番茄生长与气温的关系及温室管理措施。结果表明：温室内日平均气温与温室内日平均10cm土壤温度、日平均光合有效辐射及温室外日平均气温均存在极显著相关关系,相关系数分别0.693、0.432和0.759;番茄的茎粗、株高和果实橫纵径的生长量与积温成显著或极显著正相关;针对温室内温度过高的问题,提出了具体的室外气温调控指标和调控措施。     

γ-60 Co辐射处理红安久梨诱变效应的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术,分析了4000rad剂量的γ-60Co辐射处理红安久梨休眠芽后获得的稳定分离的1a生枝条基因组DNA的影响,以明确辐射处理对红安久梨基因组DNA的影响。对20组共400个随机引物进行了重复筛选,共获得3个稳定的RAPD引物。结果表明:红安久梨休眠芽分离成的红色枝条和绿色枝条基因组DNA存在差异,分离的红色枝条与未处理枝条也存在差异。     

差异显示法研究不同锌源对组织基因表达的影响

选用Avine肉用仔鸡作为试验对象 ,饲喂硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌 2种锌源。采用银染差异显示技术进行差异基因的初步筛选。结果成功回收扩增差异条带 2 6条 ;其中加锌组 (硫酸锌组和蛋氨酸锌组 ) 2 3条 ,3条为缺锌组所特有。在加锌组的 2 3条中 ,6条为蛋氨酸锌组所特有 ,1 3条为硫酸锌组所特有 ,其余 4条为 2组所共有。这些初步筛选得到的差异基因尚需进一步进行克隆、测序和杂交进行验证。     

生姜主栽品种枯萎病抗性评价及抗病性鉴定指标筛选

【目的】筛选抗枯萎病的生姜品种,建立抗病评价体系,为生姜枯萎病抗病品种选育及抗病机理研究提供理论参考。【方法】选取5个生姜主产区的主栽品种,采用室内人工接种法测定枯萎病菌(腐皮镰刀菌)侵染对不同生姜品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖苷酶(GLU)活性及次生抗菌物质含量、超氧阴离子(O₂-·)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、丙二醛(MDA)含量等的影响,结合抗病系数、主成分分析、聚类分析、相关分析和隶属函数对5个生姜品种幼苗的抗病性进行综合评价。【结果】山东大姜病情指数最低(4.0)、发病率最低(4%)、发病周期最长(24 d),表现出较强的抗病性;罗平小黄姜病情指数最高(45.2)、发病周期最短(7 d),表现抗病性较弱。不同生姜品种幼苗接菌后的生理生化指标均出现不同程度的变化,其中,山东大姜的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、防御酶(PAL、CHI、GLU)活性和次生抗菌物质(总酚、类黄酮、木质素)含量均高于其他品种,O₂-·、H₂O₂和MDA含量低于其他品种,而罗平小黄姜呈现相反趋势。主成分分析将12个单项生理生化指标转换为3个独立综合指标,聚类分析将5个生姜品种划分为3类,结合隶属函数综合评价结果,5个生姜品种抗病性强弱表现为:山东大姜>凤头姜>竹根姜>贵州黄姜>罗平小黄姜,与人工接种试验中5个品种的发病程度一致。相关分析结果显示,SOD和类黄酮与抗病性综合评价值(D值)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】5个生姜品种中山东大姜抗病性最强,罗平小黄姜抗病性最弱;SOD和类黄酮可作为生姜枯萎病抗性鉴定的主要参考指标。     

基于期刊文献解析我国芝麻研究现状与发展趋势

通过对中国近30年(1980～2009年)科技期刊上发表的芝麻研究文献进行统计分析,研究了芝麻期刊文献的动态变化、年代分布、期刊分布和学科领域的分布情况,分析了芝麻各学科领域的研究现状,展望了芝麻科研发展的方向,为我国芝麻的进一步研究提供参考。     

Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.     

Physiological and biochemical consequences of electroimobilisation in conscious sheep

An electroimmobilisation device has been developed to facilitate the automated shearing of sheep, but there is little information on its effects on the body. We have studied its effects on the cardiovascular system and on intermediary metabolism in sheep. Electroimmobilisation caused statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, renal and hepatic and hindquarter glucose and lactate flux, organ and whole body oxygen flux, hindquarter blood flow and core temperature and decreases in arterial and posterior vena cava blood pH, renal and hepatic blood flow and PaCO2. Notably, no change occurred in PaO2. The metabolic changes demonstrated the capacity of sheep to respond to the increased muscular and cardiovascular work induced by electroimmobilisation. Pulmonary function was not compromised during electroimmobilisation as judged from blood gas changes, and the acid/base changes were rapidly reversed after electroimmobilisation. The recovery to control conditions for all perturbations generally took no longer than 30 min, consistent with a rapid and physiologically adequate reversal by the animal's homeostatic mechanisms.     

世界海洋生物资源开发现状研究

从捕捞和养殖两方面分析了世界各国海洋生物资源开发情况,介绍了几种新型海洋产业,并在此基础上对我国海洋生物资源的开发提出了几点建议。     

不同锌源对断奶小鼠生长及机体抗氧化能力的影响

选用断奶小鼠72只作为研究对象,随机分为3组(对照组,硫酸锌组和蛋氨酸锌组),每组设4个重复。测定体重、组织锌含量及相关生理生化指标,以研究硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌2种不同锌供给形式对机体的生长效应及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,硫酸锌组和蛋氨酸锌组均能不同程度地提高小鼠体重,蛋氨酸锌组小鼠体重显著高于对照组与硫酸锌组(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加硫酸锌可提高小鼠肝脏和血清中的锌含量(P>0.05);蛋氨酸锌组小鼠肝脏和血清锌含量高于对照组(P<0.05)及硫酸锌组(P>0.05)。2种锌源均显著提高碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性(P<0.05),不同锌源间无明显差异(P>0.05)。添加不同的锌源不同程度地提高总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、总SOD(TSOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.05),蛋氨酸锌组TAOC、TSOD显著高于硫酸锌组(P<0.05)。添加锌显著降低NO含量(P<0.05),蛋氨酸锌效果显著强于硫酸锌(P<0.05);一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性表现出与NO相反的趋势(P>0.05)。