A decision-support system for Salmonella in broiler-chicken flocks

We built a decision-support system to assess the risk of contamination of chicken-broiler flocks by Salmonella at the end of the rearing period. This system was developed from the survey data from 85 chicken-broiler flocks located in western France. First, we estimated the probability of contamination of the house by Salmonella before placement of day-old chicks via a cleansing inspection using a visual-inspection grid, a decontamination evaluation using count-plates, and risk factors for Salmonella persistence in the barn after cleansing and disinfection. Second, we estimated (using a logistic model) the probability of prevalent contamination of the flock by Salmonella at the end of the rearing period. Validation was carried out on 60 flocks selected from seven production companies in western France. The risk estimated by the model was compared to the Salmonella status of the flock (gold standard) assessed by samples taken from the environment of the broilers and analysed with classical bacteriological methods. The sensitivity was 97.8% and the specificity 64.3%.     

六偏磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖干法改性研究

用六偏磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行干法改性。结果表明,反应最佳条件为六偏磷酸钠：魔芋葡甘聚糖＝１：８（Ｗ／Ｗ）,在ｐＨ１,５５℃反应１．５ｈ。其透明度,粘度,冻融稳定性均比对照明显改善;水溶胶具有一定的耐酸、耐高温能力,具有相当的抑菌效果。     

性格双重性与性别二元对立的消解——论《查特莱夫人的情人》

《查特莱夫人的情人》是劳伦斯探讨男女两性关系的一部重要小说, 小说通过描写男女主人公的完美结合表达了他两性理论中理想的男女关系。本文力图展现这种人物性格的双重性, 分析这种双重性的塑造消解了性别的二元对立, 从而达到了这种理想的两性平衡关系。     

灰飞虱mucin-like基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

昆虫肠黏蛋白(Insect intestinal mucin)是围食膜的重要组成部分,具有保护昆虫消化道免受病原物侵染的作用,同时也是昆虫生物防治的潜在靶标.获取灰飞虱肠黏蛋白基因对研究其基因功能及开发灰飞虱生物防治新靶标具有重要意义.该研究根据灰飞虱mucin-like基因片段(GenBank登录号:AY578090)设计特异性引物,采用RACE方法克隆获取了灰飞虱mucin-like基因cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号为JF502033).核酸序列分析显示:该基因全长2315bp,开放阅读框为2175bp,编码725个氨基酸,在poly(A)末端上游有1个典型的多聚腺苷酸信号序列AATAAA.根据cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列分析结果表明,该序列具有5’端信号肽,但不含有O联糖基化位点和几丁质结合域.序列比对表明该基因与其他昆虫的肠黏蛋白基因没有明显的同源性,推测其是一种新的昆虫肠黏蛋白基因.     

多媒体技术在《动物微生物》教学中的应用

多媒体技术在现代教学中应用广泛,成效也日益显著,在《动物微生物》教学中应用多媒体技术进行教学,既可丰富学生的理论知识,又能促进学生动手能力的提高。     

江西阳际峰自然保护区土壤的微生物学性状

研究阳际峰自然保护区不同海拔梯度土壤剖面状况及其微生物学性状,探讨土壤微生物量C与N、酶活性、微生物商与呼吸速率的变化及其相互关系。结果发现,不同海拔梯度土壤在微生物学性状上均有较大差异。总的趋势是植被覆盖度高,地形平缓,土层厚,微生物活性强,且与海拔梯度呈显著正相关。在剖面分布上,也有明显的层次差异,即随土层的增加而减少。     

廊坊温室春茬番茄生长与温度的关系及室温调控措施*

以番茄“MEISHUAI”品种为试验材料,研究了河北省廊坊市春茬番茄温室内气温的影响因素、番茄生长与气温的关系及温室管理措施。结果表明：温室内日平均气温与温室内日平均10cm土壤温度、日平均光合有效辐射及温室外日平均气温均存在极显著相关关系,相关系数分别0.693、0.432和0.759;番茄的茎粗、株高和果实橫纵径的生长量与积温成显著或极显著正相关;针对温室内温度过高的问题,提出了具体的室外气温调控指标和调控措施。     

氮添加对天山高寒草原土壤酶活性和酶化学计量特征的影响

为探究氮添加对高寒草原生态系统土壤酶活性的影响,于2018年在中国科学院巴音布鲁克草原生态系统研究站,选择4个氮添加水平(对照,N0,0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;低氮,N1,10 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;中氮,N3,30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;高氮,N9,90 kg·hm^-2·a^-1),开展土壤酶活性对氮添加响应的研究,分析土壤酶活性对氮添加的响应特点,土壤酶化学计量比以及土壤酶活性与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明:与对照相比,氮添加在N3水平显著增加β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-D-纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和β-1,4木糖苷酶(βX)酶活性(P<0.05),N1和N3水平显著增加碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(P<0.05),N3水平显著降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性(P<0.05),氮添加对亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)活性影响不显著,N3水平下显著增加N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,8种土壤酶活性均与土壤有机碳(SOC、NAG除外)和总磷(TP)显著相关,与土壤总氮(TN)不相关。研究区土壤酶活性C∶N∶P化学计量比为1∶1∶1.2,与全球生态系统的土壤酶活性C∶N∶P的比值1∶1∶1相偏离,表明该研究区土壤微生物生长受磷素限制。冗余分析(RDA)进一步揭示出土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量是影响土壤酶活性的主要因子。     

Gene expression study of two widely used pig intestinal epithelial cell lines: IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I

The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the immune system of swine, protecting against infectious and non-infectious environmental insults. The IEC participate in the innate immune response of the intestine through different mechanisms such as barrier function, mucus secretion, antibacterial peptide synthesis and participation in the cytokine/chemokine networks.Most of the current knowledge of intestinal cell functions has come from studies conducted on cell cultures generated from human cancers or from classical animal models. However, because the molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the species-specific environment, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in pig. Few models of swine small intestine epithelium exist and these are poorly characterised. In the present study we characterised the basal expression of epithelial and immune-related genes of two pig small intestine cell lines, IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I, under different culture conditions. These data represent essential background information for future studies on pig-intestinal pathogen interactions.