江苏省小麦禾谷孢囊线虫群体核糖体DNA-ITS区序列分析

对采集自江苏省徐州、宿迁、连云港和盐城4个地区的15个小麦禾谷孢囊线虫群体进行核糖体DNA-ITS区的RFLP分析。结果表明:测定的所有群体均具有相同的酶切图谱,既具有与国外B型群体(印度群体)相同的AluⅠ和RsaⅠ酶切图谱,同时也具有中国群体独特的HinfⅠ和Tru9Ⅰ酶切图谱(C型)。采用Neighbor-Joining法(MEGA4.0)构建的ITS序列系统进化树显示:所有15个江苏群体均聚在小麦禾谷孢囊线虫组(Heterodera avenae group)下的小麦禾谷孢囊线虫复合种群(H.avenae complex)分支内,且多数江苏群体与草地孢囊线虫(H.pratensis)德国和俄罗斯群体的遗传距离相对较近。通过江苏群体与其他近源群体的ITS序列分析比较,河南郑州群体与澳州孢囊线虫(H.australis)的遗传距离较近,青海群体和河南郑州群体在分子遗传水平上具有明显的地域性,而江苏省和我国其他省份的小麦孢囊线虫群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

高脂日粮对小鼠消化系统自由基水平与物质消化、吸收的影响

选取6周龄雄性昆明种小鼠40只,按体质量随机分成4组:即对照组(正常日粮),高脂日粮组(粗脂肪含量18%),LA组(高脂日粮+0.05%LA和高脂日粮+0.1%LA).小鼠预饲1周后正式饲喂,饲喂5周后进行代谢试验.6周后测定小鼠消化系统自由基水平和肠道黏膜脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性.结果表明,长期饲喂高脂日粮可显著提高小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),降低肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但肠道脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);小鼠对粗脂肪和粗蛋白消化率降低(P<0.05),蛋白沉积率降低(P<0.05).添加0.05%LA后,能显著降低高脂饲喂小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),提高小鼠对粗脂肪、粗蛋白消化率(P<0.05),和蛋白沉积率(P<0.05);添加0.1%LA可使小鼠全血及系统自由基水平恢复到接近正常水平.由此得出:高脂摄入,增加小鼠消化系统自由基生成,降低消化酶活性、降低机体对营养物质的消化吸收.适宜的LA添加可有效清除小鼠消化系统自由基,提高消化酶活性,提高营养物质的利用率,缓解营养性氧化应激.     

减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌在雏鸡体内的安全性与免疫原性研究

通过鸡接种不同剂量的SL8132、SL8786、SL8132/pcDNA3s与SL8786/pcDNA3s,测定其致病力与免疫效果,检测了诱导乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)的动态变化.结果表明减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌原菌SL8132、SL8786接种后连续观察雏鸡10d,不同剂量组的感染均未引起死亡.接种后7周,肝脏、脾脏中已没有菌落,粪便中仅有极少量的菌落.口服减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌在完成抗原呈递后即被鸡体免疫系统所清除,未发现雏鸡出现明显毒副作用.SL8132/pcDNA3s与SL8786/pcDNA3s疫苗诱导的抗-HBs动态检测发现,抗-HBs在免疫后水平逐渐升高,到第8周最高,此后逐渐下降.原菌SL8132与SL8786与重组菌株SL8132/pcDNA3s与SL8786/pcDNA3s均具有良好的安全性与免疫原性.     

基于RNA-Seq技术筛选影响猪肌纤维性状的候选基因

旨在探究影响肌纤维性状的候选基因和信号通路。本研究以马身猪和大白猪为研究对象,采用HE染色法分析6月龄马身猪和大白猪背最长肌肌纤维直径和密度,利用RNA-Seq分析马身猪和大白猪背最长肌组织中基因表达情况,并对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,再通过qRT-PCR验证RNA-Seq结果的准确性。结果显示,马身猪背最长肌肌纤维直径极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),而肌纤维密度极显著高于大白猪(P<0.01)。转录组测序结果显示,在6月龄马身猪和大白猪背最长肌中,差异倍数在2倍以上的基因共105个,其中,马身猪相对于大白猪上调的基因有55个,下调的基因有50个。GO富集分析表明,差异表达基因主要富集在与线粒体相关的细胞组分和骨骼肌分化有关的生物学过程中;KEGG分析结果显示,这些差异表达基因主要参与到与氧化磷酸化有关的信号途径。qRT-PCR和RNA-Seq对6个DEGs表达情况的检测结果表明它们的表达趋势相同,说明RNA-Seq结果准确可靠。结合差异基因表达丰度、GO和KEGG富集分析结果,本研究发现,MYL3、MYH3、MYH6基因通过影响肌纤维的组成而影响肌纤维特性,ND6基因通过参与线粒体氧化磷酸化过程影响肌纤维类型,MICU2基因通过维持线粒体Ca²⁺浓度的稳态影响细胞功能,编码转录因子的EGR1和FOS基因通过调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等过程影响肌肉生长发育。本研究初步揭示了造成马身猪和大白猪肌纤维性状差异的主要原因,为猪肉品质的改善提供了相应的理论依据。     

The comparative pathogenicity of four serovars of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae

The pathogenicity of 2 isolates of each of serovars 7, 3, 1 and 2 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was tested by intranasal inoculation into 60, 6-week-old large white pigs. Four dose rates varying from 0.27 to 560 x 10(6) organisms per pig with 10-fold serial dilutions were used. Surviving pigs were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. The proportion of pigs dying and developing gross lesions following infection was significantly greater for pigs given serotype 1 than for each of the other 3 serotypes, which did not differ significantly from each other. Twelve of 16 pigs given either of the 2 isolates of serovar 1 died after acute illness and 1 of 44 pigs given either of the 2 isolates each of serovars 7, 3 and 2 died. Pigs given serovar 1 showed high temperatures, severe respiratory distress, frothy haemorrhagic nasal discharge and weight loss. Lung lesions were produced in all 16 pigs given serovar 1, in 7 of 14 pigs given serovar 7, 7 of 14 pigs receiving serovar 3 and in 5 of 16 pigs given serovar 2. The lethal infections were characterised by a severe acute fibrinohaemorrhagic necrotising pleuropneumonia, whereas non-lethal cases had lung lesions ranging from necrotising purulent pleuropneumonia to abscessation. Significant differences between isolates in proportions of tissues culture positive for A. pleuropneumoniae for serovars 7 and 2, but not for serovars 3 and 1 suggested that isolates may vary in virulence within serovars, but more detailed studies are needed to clarify this point.     

教师教学质量评估研究

本着以人为本、求真务实的理念,根据教育评价理论,运用数理统计原理,采用高阶综合评价方法对评估原则、体系建构、评估指标等进行分析研究,建构教师教学质量评估模型。     

Stocking rate effects on the worm burdens of Angora goats and Merino sheep

Worm egg counts of yearling Angora or Merino wethers grazing in mixed flocks at either 4/ha or 8/ha were observed over a 5 month period. Based on faecal egg counts infection levels in the sheep increased for the first 3 months and then decreased as the animals developed resistance. Egg counts in the goats did not decrease during the experiment. Post mortem worm counts indicated that there was a significant host species--stocking rate interaction on worm burdens of Haemonchus contortus adults and Ostertagia circumcincta adults and larvae. Goats had more H. contortus and O. circumcincta adults than sheep at the 8/ha stocking rate. At 4/ha goats had fewer O. circumcincta fourth stage larvae than sheep. There was no stocking rate effect on the numbers of Trichostrongylus axei or T. colubriformis. Sheep had more T. axei and fewer T. colubriformis than goats.     

Settling of insecticide from dip wash mixed with dam water and zinc sulphate and used to control sheep lice (Bovicola ovis)

SUMMARY Insecticidal dipping fluid emulsions, mixed in vitro in dam water containing suspended clay particles and 1% w/v zinc sulphate, were analysed to determine rates of settling of diazinon, cyhalothrin and cypermethrin. Fifteen minutes after mixing, the concentration of the insecticides 5 cm below the surface had declined by 72.5%, 72.8% and 89.4%, respectively. On remixing, the concentration of insecticide in suspension was close to or greater than the initial concentration. In 2 trials, lice were eradicated from sheep showered with dip wash mixed in cloudy dam water to which 1% w/v of zinc sulphate was added. In 12 flock treatments in which 1000 to 2000 sheep were dipped with added zinc sulphate, the concentration of insecticide remained above the minimum lethal for susceptible strains of lice. However, lice were still present 6 months later in 8 of these flocks. When zinc sulphate is added to dip wash, agitation is needed to maintain the insecticide in suspension.