Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.     

西北灌区地下水矿化度变化及其对作物的影响

地下水矿化度的时空变化是影响地下水资源质量和作物生长的重要因素,尤其是对主要依靠抽取地下水用于灌溉的农业地区。该文以石羊河流域为例搜集了武威、昌宁、民勤共21个灌区1981－2003年间观测站点的地下水矿化度数据,选用反距离加权法（IDW）进行空间插值处理。并结合自然因素和人类活动的影响,分析其时空变化趋势,结果显示：流域内年平均矿化度（TDS）整体呈增加趋势,且从上游向下游逐渐增高,矿化度的年际波动也从上游向下游逐渐增大。该文还分析了矿化度变化对当地主要作物的安全生长影响,研究了当地两种典型作物春小麦和棉花的适合种植范围,得出：适合两种作物的种植面积略有缩小趋势。该研究表明在一些需要采用地下水进行灌溉的西北干旱灌区,应加强对地下水矿化度的监测与控制。     

Impact of land-use types on soil nitrogen net mineralization in the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing,China

Changes of land-use type (LUT) can affect soil nutrient pools and cycling processes that relate long-term sustainability of ecosystem, and can also affect atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and global warming through soil respiration. We conducted a comparative study to determine NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ concentrations in soil profiles (0–200 cm) and examined the net nitrogen (N) mineralization and net nitrification in soil surface (0–20 cm) of adjacent naturally regenerated secondary forests (NSF), man-made forests (MMF), grasslands and cropland soils from the windy arid and semi-arid Hebei plateau, the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing, China. Cropland and grassland soils showed significantly higher inorganic N concentrations than forest soils. NO₃⁻-N accounted for 50–90% of inorganic N in cropland and grassland soils, while NH₄⁺-N was the main form of inorganic N in NSF and MMF soils. Average net N-mineralization rates (mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹) were much higher in native ecosystems (1.51 for NSF soils and 1.24 for grassland soils) than in human disturbed LUT (0.15 for cropland soils and 0.85 for MMF soils). Net ammonification was low in all the LUT while net nitrification was the major process of net N mineralization. For more insight in urea transformation, the increase in NH₄⁺ and, NO₃⁻ concentrations as well as C mineralization after urea addition was analyzed on whole soils. Urea application stimulated the net soil C mineralization and urea transformation pattern was consistent with net soil N mineralization, except that the rate was slightly slower. Land-use conversion from NSF to MMF, or from grassland to cropland decreased soil net N mineralization, but increased net nitrification after 40 years or 70 years, respectively. The observed higher rates of net nitrification suggested that land-use conversions in the Hebei plateau might lead to N losses in the form of nitrate.     

三峡库区乡村生态农业发展模式研究

在分析三峡库区发展生态农业的优越条件和现阶段面临的农业生态问题的基础上,根据三峡库区传统农耕区、喀斯特峰丛山地区、库岸带等不同的地域类型,有针对性地提出了三峡库区生态农业的发展模式。     

小城镇农村居民点土地集约利用评价——以浙江省慈溪市周巷镇为例

以经济发达的浙江省慈溪市周巷镇三江口村“旧村改造”规划中实地调查数据为基础,采用综合评分法和4级评价标准对其农村居民点土地集约利用水平进行评价。评价结果表明:三江口村土地集约利用水平处于Ⅲ级基本集约的比重最大,其次是Ⅳ级土地利用不集约状况的较多,保留下来的建筑土地集约利用水平高于拆除建筑土地集约利用水平。由此说明,一方面三江口村保留下来的建筑在土地集约利用上已有所提高,另一方面我国同等规模的小城镇农村居民点集约利用潜力还很大,尤其在南方经济发达和土地供需矛盾较大地区更应注意挖潜;但在未来社会主义新农村建设中,农村居民点的拆除及合村并点需注重质量,同时对于整理出的农村居民点用地可组织复垦,注重提高其农业综合生产能力。     

施用速乐硼和持力硼对籽瓜一号经济指标的影响

本文通过对籽瓜一号施用不同处理的速乐硼TM Solubor＆reg和持力硼TM Granubor＆reg，比较硼肥对籽瓜的主要经济学性状及产量的影响。结果表明：喷施1200倍浓度的速乐硼TM Solubor＆reg对籽瓜一号的产量影响与对照（喷清水）相比有显著提高，其中产量平均增加10.7kg／亩，增产率达10．9％，且植株表现出生长健壮和较强的抗病性。     

湿地公园生态容量的估计

湿地公园建设和运行中,需要注重对旅游生态容量的分析和控制。文中在建立湿地公园生态容量计算一般数学模型的基础上,探讨了在缺乏有关实测资料情况下如何简化有关模型和根据经验数据估计湿地公园生态容量相关参数的方法。     

外源钙对枸杞采后成熟衰老的影响研究

以采后枸杞果实为材料,研究外源CaCl2对枸杞果实采后衰老过程中呼吸速率、腐烂指数、乙烯释放速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及保护酶活性变化的影响.结果表明:随着采后放置时间延长,枸杞果实乙烯释放速率呈先升后降的趋势;呼吸速率呈先升后降的趋势;腐烂指数增加;线粒体MDA含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低.外源CaCl2处理能够降低采后枸杞果实呼吸速率,降低乙烯的释放速率,减缓活性氧代谢水平,提高线粒体SOD、POD活性,从而在一定时间内延迟果实衰老.     

重庆市南岸区环境友好型土地利用模式研究

为协调重庆市南岸区土地利用与生态环境之间的关系,构建生态友好型土地利用模式,促进土地资源可持续利用,应用文献资料法,对南岸区土地资源利用数量特征、空间布局、利用特点进行分析,综合分析评价了南岸区不同土地利用类型对生态环境的影响,得出南岸区都市生态休闲农业模式、环境友好型城镇土地利用模式、工业土地利用环境友好模式。提出了土地利用与生态环境建设的措施,以期在发展经济的同时建设生态环境,实现土地利用与生态环境协调发展。     

自然条件下人面竹的抗旱生理指标变化研究

为给人面竹在青岛引种提供理论依据,在自然条件下,对人面竹的生态适应性进行了观察研究,并与当地生长的石绿竹的各种抗旱性生理指标的进行了比较。结果表明：在自然持续干旱状况下,人面竹的SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量均有不同程度的升高,而生物膜透性有下降趋势。与石绿竹相比,各种测定指标的变化趋势较为一致。采用数学分析法-隶属函数法对测定的竹种进行综合分析评价,人面竹与石绿竹抗旱性几乎相同,从生理指标层次上说明人面竹适合在青岛地区引种栽培。