软籽石榴胚离体培养和快繁技术探讨

正确的处理条件以及适宜的植物激素配比在软籽石榴胚培养和快繁技术上起关键性作用。本研究以软籽石榴胚组织为材料,研究确定最适宜软籽石榴发育的胚处理条件、增殖培养基、生根培养基,为软籽石榴的优质高产提供理论依据。通过对比低温(4℃)下不同处理时间(0, 4d,8d, 16 d)和两种不同处理方式(保留种皮,去除部分种皮)、不同植物激素处理、不同炼苗基质对软籽石榴胚培养和快繁的影响,得出结论:石榴果实在4℃下保存4 d,除去部分种皮有利于胚萌发;软籽石榴组培苗最适增殖培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA3 +0.5 mg/L 6-BA,试管苗株高3.8 cm、增殖系数达到4.8,其中植物激素对增殖的影响程度6-BA>NAA>GA3;最佳生根培养基为1/4MS+0.1 mg/LIBA+0.1 mg/L PP333,生根率为85%;最佳炼苗基质为泥土,苗成活率达到90%以上且苗长得快而茁壮。该研究通过胚培养技术筛选适宜软籽石榴快速繁育的培养条件,有望为软籽石榴的快速繁殖和培养优良性状的新品种提供依据。     

Advances on studies of miR-21 in vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)are a class of non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded small RNA molecules composed of 19~25 nucleotides. miRNAs are widely involved in the process of human life activities. Recent studies have shown that part of miRNAs regulate the vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis. High expression of miRNA-21 is found to play important roles in the cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell growth and death of vascular endothelial cells. This review will focus on the recent progress related to miRNAs in vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis, providing a new insight in cardiovascular disease prevention, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and target therapeutics.     

六个猕猴桃品种在六盘水市的品比试验

以国内外较优6个猕猴桃品种为试材,利用引种技术进行品种的引进及筛选,综合评价各品种的物候期、适应性、果实品质等指标,以优化和调整六盘水猕猴桃品种结构,探明并确定贵州猕猴桃主产区六盘水市适应性较好的品种。结果表明:根据各品种的表现和"合理-满意度"分析,在六盘水表现较好的品种有"红阳",成熟期为8月中下旬,总糖含量为11.90%,口味香甜,果肉为红色,667m~2产量742.8kg,"金艳"成熟期为9月,667m~2产量1 018.6kg、单果质量118.43g、香味浓郁、果肉金黄色,"贵长"成熟期较晚,667m~2产量为1 401.7kg,香味较浓、果肉翠绿色;表现不好的品种有"西选2号""楚红",这2个品种产量均较低,果实口感一般;表现相对较好的品种有‘Hort 16A’口感较好,但抗病性较弱,"和平2号"单果质量156.80g,但667m~2产量仅有953.1kg,"海沃德"667m~2产量仅有703.6kg,表现不稳定。"红阳""金艳""贵长"在六盘水地区表现良好,适宜推广种植。     

三峡库区沉积物中重金属化学形态分布特征与相关性分析

为全面了解三峡库区干支流沉积物中重金属的赋存形态,更好地为评价及保护三峡库区水生态环境提供科学依据,于2015年6月在三峡库区采集沉积物样品67个,通过ICP-MS等仪器测定了沉积物中各重金属元素的不同赋存形态量,运用SPSS、Matlab统计分析软件对重金属赋存形态进行对比分析。结果表明,库区表层沉积物中Cr、Ni元素主要以残渣态为主(占总量的75%以上);Cu、Zn、As元素主要以残渣态和可还原态为主(合计占总量80%~95%);Cd元素主要以酸可提取态和可还原态为主(分别占总量的55%和23%);Pb元素主要以可还原态和残渣态为主(各占总量的71%和18%)。Cd和Pb元素生物可利用态量较高,均超过该元素的长江沉积物背景值;该种形态下的重金属元素容易进入水体,并且在地球化学条件变化时转化成能被生物吸收和利用的形态,对生物造成较大危害。干流上游段重庆主城区及下游段,渠系河、大宁河、磨刀溪、沿渡河应当是重金属生态危害研究与防治的重点区域。     

杂交中稻分蘖期干旱对产量的影响及其缓解技术研究

以杂交中籼迟熟组合宜香优300和川谷优642为材料,在海南陵水旱季大田条件下,研究了分蘖期干旱处理对中籼迟熟杂交稻产量的影响及其缓解技术。结果表明,干旱会造成水稻减产,主要原因是有效穗数和穗粒数显著降低;干旱期间平均田间持水量可作为预测产量损失度的依据;分蘖期干旱处理下,稻谷产量随着施氮量和移栽密度的增加而增加,适当提高本田施氮水平和移栽密度,可显著降低分蘖期干旱的产量损失度。     

Structural and optical properties of cellulose nanocrystals isolated from the fruit shell of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia oleifera</Emphasis> Abel

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with high aspect ratio of 80 have been readily prepared from the inexpensive fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel (SCOA) for the first time. In this study, SOCA was consecutively subjected to alkali extraction, hydrogen peroxide bleaching and acid hydrolysis to remove non-cellulosic components and release CNC. The derived CNC possesses a needle-shaped structure that in average diameter and length of 6±2 nm and 500±100 nm, respectively. The crystallinity index of CNC increased to 72 % and the initial decomposition temperature raised to 230 oC. The obtained CNC was formed to nanopaper by vacuum filtration showing high visible light transmittance over 90 %. Thus SOCA derived CNC is of great practical potential to apply in the field of biomedicine, energy, packing, etc. Overall, this study is anticipated to offer new possibility for the CNC production from the inexpensive but abundant agricultural wastes.     

减氮配施生物菌剂对土壤肥力及烟叶产质量影响

为探讨生物菌剂在烤烟上的施用效果,研究了减氮配施生物菌剂对土壤肥力及烟叶产质量影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,减氮并配施生物菌剂处理能明显提高烟株各生育时期土壤中有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量,明显增加根际和非根际细菌和放线菌数量,烟叶产量提高172~586 kg/hm~2,产值提高8927~21357元/hm~2。烤后烟叶化学成分分析表明,与常规施肥相比,减氮并配施生物菌剂处理降低了中、上部叶总糖和还原糖含量,除处理T5(众邦)外,中部叶和上部叶烟碱含量均有明显下降,下部叶、中部叶和上部叶烟叶钾含量提高幅度为分别为0.12~0.53、0.03~0.41和0.14~0.65个百分点。不同生物菌剂间相比,以处理T4(人元)和处理T2(时科)在经济性状和烟叶化学成分协调性上表现较好。     

欧美国家针叶树容器苗生产与启示

针叶树是芬兰、瑞典、挪威、美国、加拿大等欧美国家主要的商品林树种。容器苗是针叶树重要的育苗类型。与裸根苗比较,容器苗具有育苗周期更短、造林季节可延长、苗木适应性更广、苗木质量更一致的优点。因此,容器育苗成为精准林业发展的必然趋势。为了借鉴欧美容器育苗的技术方法,提高我国容器苗的质量,为我国针叶树容器苗发展提供参考,文中主要从4个方面综述了欧美国家检测与提高苗木质量的方法,即列举了针叶树常用的苗木质量检测指标,总结了育苗容器与育苗基质的改良进展,介绍了养分、水分、光照与温度等培养条件的优化手段,简要概述了容器苗病虫害防控的进展,提出了我国相关树种容器苗生产的启示与借鉴。     

蛋白质组学在生鲜肉肉色变化机制研究中的应用

肉色是影响消费者购买欲望的最直观因素。宰后生鲜肉肉色的变化机制和肉色改善一直是肉类科学领域研究的热点。肉色体系复杂,其稳定性受动物宰前因素、从肌肉向可食用肉转化过程和宰后商业流通链条件等因素的影响。目前,仍有许多影响途径和作用机制不够清楚。研究者已采用蛋白质组学技术发现了许多与肉色相关的蛋白标志物和可能影响途径。该文基于近年的研究,综述了不同处理条件下与肉色相关的差异蛋白,主要包括结构性蛋白中的肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和肌联蛋白,以及肌浆蛋白中的伴侣蛋白、热休克蛋白、代谢酶类和氧化还原酶类等,分析了差异蛋白表达对肉色的影响及其表达调控肉色体系的可能机制,为今后肉色变化机制的研究和肉色稳定性的调控提供了思路。     

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.