库尔勒香梨枝条、花芽冻害发生程度与相关生理指标研究

2008年1月下旬库尔勒地区的梨树遭受不同程度的冻害,以了解受不同程度冻害的香梨枝条、花芽相关生理指标为目的,以不同冻害程度的枝条、花芽为试验材料,测定其部分生理及营养元素指标,并对不同程度冻害与各指标的关系进行研究。结果表明,随着冻害程度的不断加深,枝条和花芽的游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量不断降低,并且差异显著,POD活性、MDA含量变化不具有一致性,因此,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量可作为库尔勒香梨树的主要抗冻生理指标。随着冻害程度的不断加深,枝条和花芽的N,K,Mg含量不断降低,并且差异显著,Ca含量变化不具有一致性,P含量差异不明显,因此,N,K,Mg含量可作为库尔勒香梨树的主要抗冻营养元素指标。     

塔里木马鹿对生境选择的初步研究

2006年8月和12月,在新疆车尔臣河下游阿克塔孜牧场,对塔里木马鹿夏季和冬季生境的选择进行了研究。选择5类生态因子,并设置290个10 m×10 m样方。选择结果表明,塔里木马鹿喜欢胡杨和芦苇、植被覆盖度较大、水源距离较近和认为干扰距离>1 000 m的环境。其中,夏季多选择芦苇草甸,冬季选择胡杨林和柽柳灌丛。对生境特征的主成分分析显示,前3个主成分的累计贡献率夏季达到71.277%,冬季达到67.925%,可以反映塔里木马鹿的生境特征。同时表明,影响塔里木马鹿生境选择的主要因素依次为人为干扰、植被类型和距水源距离。     

基于3S技术的野生动物生境研究进展

3S技术可快速、准确、实时地获取、处理空间信息,具有极大的应用价值。该文介绍了3S技术在研究野生动物生境格局、生境破碎化、生境因子特性、生境分析模型建立、生境评价等诸多方面中的应用,综合了近年来的最新研究进展,并探讨了今后3S技术在野生动物生境研究中的应用前景。     

Use of fine needle aspirates and flow cytometry for the diagnosis, classification, and immunophenotyping of canine lymphomas.

Fifty canine lymphomas were classified cytomorphologically using the updated Kiel classification scheme. Aspirates of lymph nodes from dogs with lymphoma were stained using 5 canine-specific antibodies and 3 human-specific antibodies that cross-react with canine lymphocytes. The antibody-stained aspirates were analyzed by flow cytometry. A total of 32 (64%) of the 50 lymphomas were characterized as B-cell origin and 18 (36%) were of T-cell origin. B-cell lymphomas were identified in 12 females and 20 males with a mean age of 8.35 years. T-cell lymphomas were identified in 8 females and 10 males with a mean age of 7.9 years. A minority of the lymphomas were low-grade B-cell and T-cell lymphomas (6/50, 12% and 4/50, 8%, respectively). The most common morphologic types were high-grade centroblastic and unclassifiable plasmacytoid for B- and T-cell lymphomas (18/50, 36% and 7/50, 14%, respectively).     

农民合作社不同产业选择对农户减贫效果的差异——基于南疆S县K乡的调研

为研究不同产业选择对于产业减贫的效果以及合作社如何通过不同产业选择带动农户持续减贫,开展了对南疆S县K乡合作社产业减贫的典型调研和案例分析.结果表明,不同产业产品属性特征、附加收益特征、技术难度和市场风险特征对农户减贫效果存在显著差异.基于结论,从合作社产业选择要注重产品属性、产品附加收益特征属性、技术难度和市场风险特...     

‘V’形架式下5个鲜食葡萄品种光合日变化和光响应曲线特征参数比较

【目的】比较5个葡萄品种光合能力,为其合理选(引)种和科学田间管理技术的制定提供理论依据。【方法】以克瑞森、新郁、火焰无核、巨玫瑰和蓝宝石为试材,测定‘V’形架栽培模式下5个葡萄品种的光合日变化趋势及光合速率(Pn)-光响应曲线特征参数。【结果】5个葡萄品种Pn日变化中,克瑞森、新郁、巨玫瑰均有单峰,均呈上午高下午低的逐渐下降趋势,火焰无核和蓝宝石均有双峰,均呈因中午的高温和强光(气孔因素)而导致的“午休现象”,5个葡萄品种Pn日平均值分别为克瑞森(8.395±3.541)μmol/(m²·s)、新郁(9.303±2.643)μmol/(m²·s)、火焰无核(8.796±3.588)μmol/(m²·s)、巨玫瑰(8.043±2.614)μmol/(m²·s)、蓝宝石(8.002±4.157)μmol/(m²·s)。5个葡萄品种Pn-光响应曲线特征参数中,光补偿点(LCP)在(51.0~78.0)μmol/(m²·s)范围内,其中新郁和蓝宝石的LCP均较高,其它3个品种的LCP均低于60.0 μmol/(m²·s)以下;蓝宝石的光饱和点(LSP)最高,为1 582.2 μmol/(m²·s),其次为新郁,克瑞森的LSP最低,为1 151.9 μmol/(m²·s)。【结论】5个葡萄品种在于田县的光合适应性均比较好,其光合水分利用效率(WUE)日平均值由大到小排序为克瑞森>火焰无核>蓝宝石>新郁>巨玫瑰。     

日光温室黄瓜新品种生长发育和产量性状分析

为了筛选出喀什温室专用高产优质黄瓜品种,本研究选取了4个黄瓜品种,对其生长发育和产量性状进行了试验研究和动态分析。结果表明,4个黄瓜品种的株高、茎粗、主茎叶片数、单株瓜数,以及单瓜重和产量都存在着较大差异。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅳ株型较高,处理Ⅱ主蔓较粗,主蔓叶片数依次表现为处理Ⅳ＞处理Ⅱ＞处理Ⅲ＞处理Ⅰ,单株瓜数依次表现为处理Ⅲ＞处理Ⅳ＞处理Ⅰ＞处理Ⅱ。单瓜重差异最大,处理Ⅰ高达225g,处理Ⅳ却只有138g,产量也因此而出现很大差异。综合分析,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅲ生长发育和产量表现较好,处理Ⅳ瓜型较小但生长状况较好,可以密植或多蔓整枝取得高产。     

Host resistance and influence of tuber surface on larval performance of potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Potato tuberworm (PTW), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most important pests of potatoes in tropic and subtropic regions. Previous studies suggested that tuber periderm may limit larval penetration and establishment of PTW. Short term influence of parental host plant acclimatization, influence of tuber dormancy and influence of tuber periderm (the outer cork layer of tubers) on aspects of PTW biology were investigated on tubers of a susceptible commercial potato cultivar, cv. Allegany (Solanum tuberosum L.), and a resistant hybrid potato clone, Q174-2 (S. tuberosum × S. berthaultii Hawkes). Short-term parental host plant acclimatization did not affect numbers of PTW larvae on resistant and susceptible tubers. Numbers of larvae produced on tubers of Q174-2, and Allegany, were similar although larval weight was less on Q174-2 than on Allegany. Larval production increased with tuber age on both susceptible and resistant potato clones, suggesting that bud sprouts may enhance fitness by providing food and shelter for first instars prior to tuber entry. Removal of tuber periderm led to a significant increase in larval survival on Allegany and Q174-2, although proportional survival on Allegany and Q174-2 was similar to that on intact tubers, suggesting the involvement of internal rather than external periderm factors in tuber resistance of Q174-2. Weights of larvae reared on Q174-2 were consistently less than those of larvae reared on susceptible potato tubers in both intact and peeled tuber assays. Although the expression of periderm-mediated tuber resistance declines with tuber age, such resistance could significantly reduce preharvest field infestations by PTW and constitute an important component of sustainable PTW management, particularly for fresh market crops and for those potato crops stored for several months or less in the absence of refrigeration.     

Alleviation of salt stress by increasing potassium sulphate doses in four medicinal and aromatic plants

In this study, the effects of potassium doses (control, 150, 300 and 450?mg K₂SO₄ kg^?1) and salt stress (control, 100?mM NaCl) on the yield and some element content of four medicinal and aromatic (Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum and Foeniculum vulgare) plants were investigated in climate chamber. Both salinity and K fertiliser levels affected the fresh and dry weight of all evaluated plants. Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum species are more sensitive to salinity, particularly at the vegetative productive stages. The highest fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems, roots and herb in Coriandrum sativum and Foeniculum vulgare species was observed in 300?mg?kg^?1 fertiliser applications. In general, there was a relatively consistent and positive correlation between root element content and aerial parts element content. The result of the present study showed that NaCl treatment caused an increase in Na⁺ concentration, and a decrease in K⁺ and Ca⁺² concentration in Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum and Foeniculum vulgare. There was an interaction between K₂SO₄ application and salinity effects on Na⁺ concentration in the all evaluated plants. Given the experimental results, especially Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum species were the most resistant to salt stress.     

不同浓度IBA对大果榛子不同品种黄化萌条扦插成活率影响综合评价

【目的】研究大果榛子黄化萌条扦插苗成活率和生根质量,有效提高黄化萌条的利用率。【方法】以大果榛子品种新榛1号、新榛2号和新榛3号的黄化萌条作为试验材料,研究不同浓度吲哚丁酸(IBA)对其扦插生根率、根生长量特征参数和地上部分生长特征参数的影响,采用隶属函数进行综合评价。【结果】不同浓度IBA对大果榛子不同品种黄化萌条扦插生根率、根生长量特征参数和地上部分生长特征参数的影响有所差异。IBA浓度为5 mmol/L时,新榛1号的生根范围、单株新梢数、单株新梢长度和新梢饱满芽数均最高;新榛2号的生根率、生根指数和单株根数均最高;新榛3号的单株根长、平均根粗和生根范围茎粗最高。IBA浓度为7.5 mmol/L时,新榛1号的单株根长、生根范围、单株新梢数、单株新梢长度和新梢饱满芽数均最高;新榛2号的生根率、生根指数和单株根数均最高;新榛3号的单株根粗和生根范围茎粗均最高。IBA浓度为10 mmol/L时,新榛1号的单株根长、生根范围和新梢饱满芽数均最高;新榛2号的单株根数最高;新榛3号的生根率、生根指数、平均根粗、生根范围茎粗、单株新梢数和单株新梢长度均最高。相关性分析得知,单株根数与单株根长,平均根粗与生根范围中部茎粗间的相关性均达极显著水平,相关性系数(R)分别为-0.897和0.911;生根范围与单株新梢数、单株新梢长度和新梢饱满芽数,生根范围茎粗与单株新梢长度间的相关性系数达显著水平,相关性系数分别为0.750、0.771、0.749和0.753。【结论】新榛1号黄化萌条在IBA速浸浓度为5 mmol/L处理后的性状综合表现较好(隶属函数平均得分值为0.64),新榛2号黄化萌条扦插在IBA速浸浓度为7.5 mmol/L处理后的性状综合表现较好(隶属函数平均得分值为0.73),新榛3号黄化萌条在IBA速浸浓度为10 mmol/L处理后的性状综合表现较好(隶属函数平均得分值为0.70)。