多种植物活性物质混配剂对瓜类白粉病病菌毒力测定和药效试验

为了利用植物资源中所具有的杀虫、杀菌、抗病毒和除草等特性的天然活性物质,达到不破坏生态环境、延缓靶标生物抗药性的目的,从黄柏皮、大黄、松脂、芦荟、皂角、苦楝根等多种植物中提取活性物质并混配加工成水剂,对黄瓜白粉病病菌进行毒力测定,并研究了黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜白粉病田间药效试验及安全性评价。结果表明:多种植物活性物质混配剂对黄瓜白粉病的侵染有较强抑制作用,其抑制活性EC_(50)值为5.981 7;对黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜白粉病的防效随着使用浓度的增加而增强,稀释400倍对黄瓜、南瓜和西瓜白粉病的防效分别达75.8%、76.7%和78.1%,施用后对以上瓜类生长安全。     

基于野外VIS-NIR光谱的土壤盐分主要离子预测

为明确干旱区土壤盐分主要离子的特征光谱,建立精度高和稳定性好的盐渍土预测模型,以新疆阜康市为研究区域,采用网格法采集55个土壤样本,利用实测VIS-NIR光谱,选择多元线性回归(MLR)、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)法构建土壤盐分主要离子含量反演模型,而后对反演精度进行检验。结果显示:(1)在0.01显著水平下,土壤盐分与Na⁺、Cl^–、Ca²⁺含量均呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.978、0.814、0.645;(2)综合光谱响应和相关性分析确定土壤盐分主要离子的特征波段为459、537、1 381、1 386 nm,显著特征波段为459、537 nm;(3)3种模型拟合效果从高到低依次为RF>MLR>SVM,采用RF所建模型盐分主要离子(Na⁺、Cl^–、Ca²⁺)R²最高,RMSE最小,RPD最大,分别为2.11、2.03、1.80,为最优预测模型。通过选取土壤主要离子显著特征波段,进而采用RF法构建其估测模型...     

Prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern Nigeria

Background

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis, and their concurrence with brucellosis, in cattle in three states of northern Nigeria.

Methods

A total of 602 preputial samples was collected from bulls in 250 herds and tested using culture and identification. Various indigenous and exotic breeds were studied and four major management systems were encountered. Age of the cattle was estimated using dentition, farm records or cornual rings.

Results

The estimated true animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter fetus infection was 16.4% (95% CI: 13.0-20.7), of which 18.5% was C. f. fetus and 81.5% was C. f. venerealis. Of the latter, 92% were C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. Animal-level prevalences in Adamawa, Kano and Kaduna states were 31.8%, 11.6% and 8.3% respectively, and were highest in bulls >7 years old (33.4%) and in the Gudali breed (28.8%). Of the 250 herds, 78 (25.5%, 95% CI: 19.4-32.7) had at least one infected bull, and herd prevalence was highest in the pastoral management system (43.5%). After adjustment for confounding using multivariable analysis, the odds of C. fetus infection were highest in Adamawa state (P < 0.01), in the pastoral management system (P < 0.01), and in bulls >7 years old (P = 0.01), and tended to be higher in Bos taurus breeds (P = 0.06). There was a strong positive association between the presence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis (P < 0.01), both within bulls (OR = 8.3) and within herds (OR = 16.0). Trichomonosis was not detected in any herds.

Conclusion

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis is prevalent particularly in the pastoral management system in northern Nigeria, with C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius as the major aetiology. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis. No evidence of trichomonosis was found in herds in this study.     

基于注意力机制神经网络的荒漠区蒸散量模拟

该研究对基于注意力机制的长短期记忆（Attention-Based Long Short Term Memory,AT-LSTM）模型对蒸散量（Evapotranspiration,ET）模拟的可行性和有效性进行验证,以提高环境数据缺失情况下的蒸散量模拟精度。基于盐池县2012-2017年的每30 min环境数据,利用不同环境因子组合构建基于注意力机制的LSTM模型,并将其与极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）模型、支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）模型、长短期记忆（Long Short Term Memory,LSTM）模型在日尺度、月尺度和季节尺度上进行对比分析。结果表明：与其他3种模型相比,当输入环境因子变化时,AT-LSTM模型模拟精度变化很小,模拟效果均较好。当输入空气温度、净辐射、相对湿度、土壤温度、土壤含水率所有环境因子时,基于AT-LSTM模型的模拟效果最好,均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）为0.013 mm/30 min,平均绝对误差（Mean Absolute Error,MAE）为0.006 mm/30 min,相关系数（Correlation Coefficient,R）值为0.905。且无论是从小时尺度、日尺度和月尺度来看,AT-LSTM模型的模拟效果均优于其他3种模型。在环境因子缺失的情况下,净辐射对盐池县ET的模拟贡献程度最大,仅输入净辐射时,AT-LSTM模型模拟得到的RMSE和MAE分别为0.014、0.007 mm/30 min,R为0.892。AT-LSTM模型模拟精度高,模型稳定性强,对蒸散量模拟预测具有一定的适用性,仅输入净辐射的AT-LSTM模型可以作为环境数据缺失条件下的蒸散量预测模型。     

Monitoring of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola populations in Japan

BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009. RESULTS: The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola were not found. CONCLUSION: Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

On the Analysis of EMCS and Its Application in the Project of Shenzhen Underground

In this paper, the selection of type, function and technological requirements of EMCS for Shenzhen Underground has been introduced.Based on the investigation for EMCS's worldwide applications and the analysis of practice in Shenzhen Underground, the comparison and selection of PLC and DDC have been done completely.At the same time,the introduction of EMCS is organized by the center level, station level and the spot level.     

牦牛乳球蛋白基因5'调控区的分离、克隆及序列分析

根据文献设计1对PCR引物,寡聚核苷酸序列上游引物为5′-gCg,AAT,TCA,TCC,CAC,gTg,CCT,gC-3′,下游引物5′gAg,AAT,TCC,Tgg,ggA,ggg,ACC,TT-3′.经68℃退火及30轮循环的PCR程序后扩增出长度为1447 bp的DNA片段,将该片段从琼脂糖凝胶中回收,克隆到pMD18-T Vector后进行序列测定.序列分析结果表明,牦牛乳球蛋白基因5′调控区与文献报道的奶牛该基因同源性为97.65%,突出的碱基差异为牦牛乳球蛋白基因5′调控区发生了1个位点连续3个碱基的缺失突变和另一位点1个碱基的插入突变.该研究也为开展以牦牛乳球蛋白基因5′调控区为启动子的乳腺生物反应器研究准备了条件.     

皮下包埋两性霉素B对兔真菌性皮肤病治疗效果研究

兔真菌性皮肤病是一类传染性极强的人畜共患接触性皮肤病。试验选取体重相近,已感染真菌性皮肤病的吉戎兔15只,分为3组,每组5只,试验组Ⅰ为对照组,注射生理盐水,组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ皮下分别包埋5mg和10mg的两性霉素颗粒剂。给药前和给药后第10天、第20天和第30天分别称重,并观察测定兔皮毛生长及秃斑恢复情况。结果表明,试验组兔增重均高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),试验末期组II和组Ⅲ秃斑恢复分别达95%和90%。因此,采用皮下包埋的给药方式有效地延长了两性霉素B的药效时间,可有效治愈兔真菌性皮肤病。     

Possibilities of direct introgression from Brassica napus to B. juncea and indirect introgression from B. napus to related Brassicaceae through B. juncea

The impact of genetically modified canola (Brassica napus) on biodiversity has been examined since its initial stage of commercialization. Various research groups have extensively investigated crossability and introgression among species of Brassicaceae. B. rapa and B. juncea are ranked first and second as the recipients of cross-pollination and introgression from B. napus, respectively. Crossability between B. napus and B. rapa has been examined, specifically in terms of introgression from B. napus to B. rapa, which is mainly considered a weed in America and European countries. On the other hand, knowledge on introgression from B. napus to B. juncea is insufficient, although B. juncea is recognized as the main Brassicaceae weed species in Asia. It is therefore essential to gather information regarding the direct introgression of B. napus into B. juncea and indirect introgression of B. napus into other species of Brassicaceae through B. juncea to evaluate the influence of genetically modified canola on biodiversity. We review information on crossability and introgression between B. juncea and other related Brassicaseae in this report.