甜菜素合成相关基因BvDDC1的克隆与表达分析

甜菜素是一种重要的天然色素,具有广阔的应用前景。为探究调控甜菜素合成关键基因BvDDC1功能,本研究测定了不同生长阶段甜菜‘Yellow chard’的甜菜素含量和BvDDC1的相对表达量,同时采用同源克隆技术获得BvDDC1基因序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析及功能预测。结果表明:甜菜叶片中甜菜素含量随甜菜生长时间的延长呈现上升趋势,且BvDDC1在不同时期甜菜叶片中均有表达,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。甜菜素含量越高,BvDDC1表达量越高。BvDDC1序列全长为1509 bp,编码502个氨基酸,编码蛋白不具有跨膜结构,预测其在膜外发挥作用。系统进化树显示与菠菜亲缘关系较近,同源性最高。本研究结果可为解析甜菜素生物合成提供科学依据。     

设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷形态及吸附与释放特性的影响

针对设施土壤中长期大量施用有机肥可能造成的土壤磷素过度积累及易流失等问题,本研究拟通过施用生物炭增加土壤中磷的吸附,从而减少磷流失.此外,目前关于在设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷素形态和有效性的影响作用尚不清楚.为此,在辣椒大棚中通过长期定位试验,研究连续4茬施用生物炭对土壤有效磷、不同形态磷、磷吸附及释放的影响.结...     

木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据.结果 显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F1代繁殖期比F0代繁殖期延长37％;F0代和F1代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62％和66％;处理组F1代和F2代的存活率比对照组降低23％和24％,但F1代和F2...     

大尺度下大垫尖翅蝗种群空间结构的地统计学分析

为研究大垫尖翅蝗的空间结构,探索其预测预报方法。运用地统计学中的半变差函数和Kriging插值法对山东省大垫尖翅蝗种群的空间结构进行分析和模拟。结果表明：大尺度下大垫尖翅蝗种群的空间结构均为聚集型,不同方向呈各向异性;全方向及0、45、90、135℃方向的最小聚集范围分别为426.73、320.24、447.55、353.65、85.44 km;空间分布模拟图反映了大垫尖翅蝗在山东的具体分布情况,鲁北滨海地区的发生明显重于其他地区。     

5个酿酒葡萄品种组织培养及再生体系的建立

为了建立酿酒葡萄离体培养及植株高效再生体系,以5个酿酒葡萄品种花药和茎尖为外植体,利用组织培养法,研究了外源激素、基因型对外植体培养及再生的影响。结果表明,茎尖愈伤组织诱导及分化均优于花药。茎尖愈伤组织诱导培养基为：B5+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.0~2.0 mg/L;在此培养基上添加AgNO3 10 mg/L或PVP 1000 mg/L对花药愈伤组织诱导较好。茎尖愈伤组织分化培养基为：B5+NAA 0.01 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 0.2 mg/L,最高分化率达100%。本试验成功地建立了酿酒葡萄茎尖愈伤组织诱导、再分化芽苗再生体系,该结果可为酿酒葡萄良种快繁以及遗传转化体系建立奠定良好的基础。     

辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)实时荧光定量检测方法的研究

为建立快速准确的检测土壤中辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici Leonian)的实时荧光定量体系的方法,根据辣椒疫霉菌保守的ITS序列设计的特异性荧光实时定量PCR的引物,通过对保守序列构建克隆文库,筛选阳性克隆子,制备用于实时荧光定量体系的标准品,从而构建优良的标准曲线。利用构建的标准曲线和优化的实时荧光定量体系对人工接种含梯度浓度的辣椒疫霉菌的土壤样品进行实时荧光定量PCR检测。辣椒疫霉菌荧光实时定量PCR检测体系的标准曲线的相关系数为R2=0.980,斜率为-3.295,扩增效率为101.1%,线性方程为Y=-3.295X+44.484,标准品的检测下限为1.000×102拷贝,带菌土壤的检测下限为1.236×103拷贝,约为4.887pg基因组DNA。经过土壤样品试验,得出标准曲线相关系数为0.9845,表明所建立的辣椒疫霉菌实时荧光定量PCR检测方法合理有效。     

不同磷水平下大豆植株磷素积累与转运动态的研究

以绥农14为试验材料,土壤设置5个磷素处理水平,对大豆不同生育时期不同器官的磷素积累分配与转运规律进行研究。结果表明:苗期(V3)大豆叶、茎、根的磷素积累均随土壤磷素水平的提高而显著增加;而到鼓粒盛期(R6),26.62mg/kg土壤磷素水平更有利于荚果磷素的积累;到成熟期(R8),大豆荚果磷素积累量远大于大豆植株其他器官,16.68mg/kg土壤磷水平下更有利于子粒中磷素的积累。营养生长阶段(V3~R1),随土壤磷水平升高,磷素积累量和积累率随之升高,但当土壤磷水平为31.37mg/kg时,磷素积累量和积累率又有所降低;到营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段(R1~R5),积累率以低磷5.68mg/kg所占比重大,45%磷素在此区段积累;生殖生长阶段(R5~R8),除低磷5.68mg/kg水平积累量和积累率极低外,其他处理约有三分之一的磷积累。大豆荚果中的磷素来自营养器官的转移比例:叶>茎>根>叶柄;荚果中的磷素30%以上来自营养器官的转入,其中低磷5.68mg/kg水平转移率最高,达59.65%,随土壤磷水平的增高,其转移率呈波动变化,变幅在29.08%~41.95%之间。     

京郊园林绿化废弃物数量测量与地区分布研究

为了加快北京市园林绿化废弃物资源化利用与布局,减少环境污染,实现资源的循环利用,在鹫峰实验林场国家森林公园、西山林场卧佛寺分场、延庆四海镇西沟里村、大兴林场,对北京市14种主要树种进行实地试验,估计乔木、灌木等生物量模型,进而测算北京市郊区园林绿化废弃物的数量。结果表明,北京市郊区园林绿化废弃物总量为406.395×104 t,主要分布在密云县、怀柔区、房山区、延庆县;按树种计算,乔木产生的园林绿化废弃物最多,经济林次之,疏林地和苗圃产生的废弃物较少;乔木产生园林绿化废弃物主要分布在延庆、大兴、怀柔,四旁树分布在顺义和房山,经济林则主要分布在密云县;影响园林绿化废弃物数量的主要因素有城市园林抚育修剪规则、林区抚育规则和采伐任务、自然灾害等。园林绿化废弃物数量的科学测量为后期布局消纳点提供了理论量,是进行园林绿化废弃物利用的起点。     

Genetic mapping of bph20(t) and bph21(t) loci conferring brown planthopper resistance to Nilaparvata lugens St?l in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Brown planthopper(BPH) is one of the most serious and destructive insect pests of rice in most rice growing regions of the world. In this study, two major resistance genes against BPH have been identified in an Oryza rufipogon (Griff.) introgression rice line, RBPH54. Inheritance of the BPH resistance in RBPH54 was studied by screening the resistance in parents, F1, F2 and BC1 generations against BPH biotype 2. A population of BC3F2 lines was developed and SSR markers were employed for the gene mapping, and new markers were designed for fine mapping of the resistance genes, while sequence information of BAC/PAC clones was used to construct physical maps of the genes. The results showed that the BPH resistance in RBPH54 was governed by recessive alleles at two loci, tentatively designated as bph20(t) and bph21(t). The locus bph20(t) was fine mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6 about 2.7 cM to the upper marker RM435 and 2.5 cM to lower marker RM540 and in a 2.5 cM region flanked by two new SSR markers BYL7 and BYL8 which were developed in the present study. The other BPH resistance locus bph21(t) was initially mapped to a region 7.9 cM to upper marker RM222 and 4.0 cM to lower marker RM244 on the short arm of chromosome 10. For physical mapping, the bph20(t)-linked markers were landed on BAC/PAC clones of the reference cv., Nipponbare, released by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The bph20(t) locus was physically defined to an interval of about 75 kb with clone P0514G1. Identification and location of these two genes in the present study have diversified the BPH resistance gene pool, which give benefit to the development of resistant rice cultivars, and the linkage PCR-based SSR markers for the bph20(t) and bph21(t) genes would help realize the application of the genes in rice breeding through marker-assisted selection.     

Enhancing Fusarium crown rot resistance of durum wheat by introgressing chromosome segments from hexaploid wheat

Compared with hexaploid wheat, tetraploid durum is more susceptible to Fusarium crown rot (FCR) infection. The feasibility of enhancing FCR resistance in durum wheat by introgressing chromosome segments of hexaploid wheat was investigated by generating and analysing a backcross population derived from a susceptible durum wheat variety ??Bellaroi?? (recurrent parent) and a resistant hexaploid genotype ??CSCR6?? (donor parent). Together with a few scattered segments on various chromosomes, segments of a large section of the donor chromosome 6B showed a significant effect in enhancing FCR resistance in the durum background. However, a known major locus on the donor 3BL conferring high level of resistance to FCR in hexaploid wheat failed to provide any improvement in resistance than that of the genome average once it was introduced into the durum wheat. A small proportion of the backcross population gave similar resistance to the bread wheat variety ??Kennedy??, a level of FCR resistance acceptable to durum growers. These lines share a 4B segment from the hexaploid donor, although the segment was not among those with the largest individual effect across the whole population. These results show that it is feasible to improve FCR resistance of durum wheat by exploiting hexaploid chromosome segments, although resistance loci of the hexaploid wheat may not function properly in durum backgrounds.