农田水分监测与决策支持系统的实现

农田水分的实时采集、传输与处理是精细农业中实现节水灌溉的重要环节，而长期困扰该环节的一个技术瓶颈是实时数据的分布式采集与联动式决策的一体化处理。该文提出了一种基于GSM和FSK技术的农田水分监测与决策支持系统解决方案。该系统采用AT89C51单片机、嵌入式MCU结合TC35T模块、FSK模块和传感器组成数据采集终端，通过FSK调制技术实现不同采集单元间的分布式数据通讯。采集到的数据通过GSM网络传至PC监控机，经水分决策支持系统将决策结果以SMS短信形式发送到用户手机上。该系统在新疆兵团111农场70 hm²滴灌棉田得到应用，实现了农田水分实时监测、数据无线远程传输与灌溉科学决策的智能化管理。该系统的实现为大范围、多测点无人值守农田进行数据采集、传输和处理提供了一套可行的技术框架。     

A New Approach for Characterization of Single Raindrops

To determine the characteristics of single raindrops as a function of their size, the collodion film method was newly applied to the sampling of single raindrops. Sampling of single raindrops was performed at a height of 20 m above ground level of the Kyoto University building located in Uji, Japan during rain events from September to November 1999. It was possible to get successfully replicas of raindrop by collodion film method. And we tried to analyze the elemental components of the nuclei and pollutants that were incorporated into the developing raindrop. To the analysis of single raindrops, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was applied. Several elements including S in single raindrops were detected by PIXE. The concentrations of every element increased with decreasing drop diameter. Furthermore, to acquire more detailed information such as inner-structure and mixing state in single raindrops, micro-PIXE analysis was performed. The nucleation centers of single raindrops were successfully analyzed by micro-PIXE. Ca, S and Fe were apparently detected by scanning beam of 1 ～ 2 µm diameter and about 70 pA beam current.     

机械式空气整根钵苗移栽器的研究

空气整根钵苗全自动移栽机的核心部件是移栽器。采用机械方式完成全自动移栽机的送秧和投苗，简化了现有全自动钵苗移栽机的电动或气动送秧和投苗装置，降低了成本。移栽器的性能试验表明，所研制的移栽器性能良好，适应国内市场需要。     

膨润土改善鸡粪厌氧消化产酸产甲烷特性

为探究膨润土对鸡粪厌氧消化过程中产甲烷特性和可溶性有机酸代谢特性的影响,采用L8(23)正交试验设计,以鸡粪添加量(有机负荷率)、膨润土添加量和接种量为三因素,每个因素设置2个水平,研究了中温条件下(35±1)℃膨润土添加对鸡粪厌氧消化过程中产酸和产甲烷特性的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低有机负荷条件下,膨润土添加能显著(P0.05)提高鸡粪挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)产甲烷量,添加量为3.0%和1.5%时VS产甲烷量分别提升了22.72%、27.72%(膨润土添加量不同的组差异不显著(P0.05));高有机负荷条件下,膨润土添加能极显著(P0.01)提高鸡粪VS产甲烷量,添加量为3.0%和1.5%时VS产甲烷量分别提升了78.68%和55.41%(膨润土添加量不同的组差异显著(P0.05))。当鸡粪添加量为19.91 g挥发性固体,膨润土添加量为3.0%(占干基比)和接种量为80 m L(体积分数20%)时,单位挥发性固体产甲烷量最高为301.92 m L/g,比对照组高87.8%,此时可变成本也最低为2.43元/m~3,比两对照组分别低1.29和1.68元/m~3。方差分析表明:膨润土添加可提高鸡粪厌氧消化过程中挥发性脂肪酸,pH值,可溶性有机碳和可溶性无机碳的稳定性。膨润土可加强鸡粪厌氧消化系统的稳定性,降低产甲烷的可变成本,为膨润土强化鸡粪厌氧处理提供了试验验证据。     

同时硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮技术研究

指出了同时硝化和反硝化工艺与传统的生物脱氮工艺相比,可以节约氧和碳源的耗量,大大降低设备运行费用,具有很大的发展前途.结合近年来国内外脱氮的最新研究成果,从优点、机理、影响因素等方面对同步硝化反硝化进行了探讨.     

Progress on characterization of self-incompatibility in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> L.

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that promotes outbreeding and thereby increases genetic diversity. Recognition specificity in Brassica is achieved by the interaction of the female determinant S-receptor kinase (SRK) and its ligand, the male determinant S-locus protein 11 (SP11). The interaction between SP11 and SRK triggers the signaling cascade in an S-haplotype-specific manner and results in the rejection of self-pollen, but the signal components involved are still not well characterized. S haplotypes are widespread in self-compatible amphidiploid B. napus, and the interaction of heterozygous S haplotypes causes the loss of SI. This review highlights the recent advances made towards understanding the genetic analysis, distribution, and evolution of S haplotypes, the signal factors, and the potential of SI in B. napus hybrid breeding program.     

沙棘果皮粉的制备工艺及功效成分分析

利用榨取沙棘果汁后的新鲜果渣,研究了分离制取纯净沙棘果皮的工艺,分析了沙棘果皮中的常规营养素成分,并对加工后的沙棘果皮的微生物和重金属指标进行了检测。结果证明,沙棘果皮含有丰富的营养成分,具有很强的抗氧化性,经过科学、合理的工艺加工后,可以成为优良的中老年功能食品辅料。     

遏蓝菜油的乳化特性研究

以遏蓝菜油为原料,采用单因素试验、响应面设计和正交试验研究了遏蓝菜油的乳化特性。结果表明,油酯与司盘80配制遏蓝菜油乳化液的复配乳化剂最佳配比为12∶13。当复合乳化剂的添加量为0.595g,用油量为2mL,用水量为64mL时,乳化效果最好。