粘果山羊草细胞质对小麦种子发芽率和出苗率的影响

本试验选用粘果山羊草（Ae.Kotschyi）细胞质不育系（简称K型）及相应的保持系、恢复系和杂交种研究了K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料在种子发芽率、出苗率的差异。结果表明：K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料的种子发芽率没有显著差异,浅播（3cm）条件下,K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料种子出苗率没有显著差异,而深播（6cm）条件下,不同核基因材料表现出不一致现象,K型不育系豫麦3号及其杂种表现出偏高的出苗率,但不显著;K型不育系S43及其杂种表现出偏低的出苗率,且达到了极显著水平。     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞的分离与鉴定

以无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,分离获取奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞,在含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液中培养。采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并通过瑞氏染色计算其纯度。结果表明,采用无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,能够获得较高纯度的巨噬细胞,能为奶牛胞内寄生菌存活机制的研究提供很好的试验材料。     

农用运输车用液力缓速器的设计与仿真分析

为解决农用运输车长时间制动造成的热衰退问题,参考THB40液力缓速器,基于相似理论设计了一款液力缓速器。计算确定了其设计制动力矩值和定转子叶轮参数,运用Pro/E构建了其三维结构,并在CFX14.5平台上以SST-kω湍流模型进行仿真计算。结果表明:制动力矩符合设计要求,流场的特征与THB40流场特征高度一致,为设计适合农用车用液力缓速器提供了借鉴。     

Dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase: introduction into erythrocyte by the malaria parasite

Mature, circulating mammalian erythrocytes lack dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase activity. However, we have detected activity, which appears to reside in an enzyme, in malaria parasites purified from mammalian blood.     

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生特点及原因分析

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生,具有迁入时间特别早、迁入峰次多、灯下田间虫量大、发生面积大等特点。造成大发生的原因主要是境外虫源基数大,根据工作经验判断作为四川省虫源地的广西虫量大以及四川省今年的气候条件有利于稻飞虱的迁飞、繁殖。     

华北棉区棉铃虫对三种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。     

不同时期喷施草甘膦和脱吐隆对龙葵生长繁殖的影响

近几年龙葵已成为新疆棉田的恶性杂草。为了明确棉田常用的灭生性茎叶处理除草剂草甘膦对不同生育期龙葵的防除效果,通过田间小区试验,研究了草甘膦单用及与脱叶剂脱吐隆混用对9～10叶期、开花初期、结实初期、结实盛期和果实成熟期龙葵的防除效果及对其生长发育的影响。结果表明：脱吐隆对草甘膦有明显的拮抗作用,应避免两者混用或交叉使用。41%（质量分数）草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂在常规剂量（每666.7 m² 250 mL）下可有效防除开花初期前的龙葵,药后28 d均可使其干枯死亡;龙葵结实后喷施草甘膦,可抑制其营养生长和生殖生长,使其植株变矮,结实量减少,种子变小,发芽率降低;当龙葵进入果实成熟期之后喷施草甘膦,效果已微乎其微。     

黄瓜无毛突变体的生理特性研究

 黄瓜无毛突变体与普通黄瓜相比, 幼苗的各种性状均没有明显变化; 成株矮化明显, 雌花数降低, 产量明显下降, 但雌花节率没有明显变化, 蒸腾速率、气孔导度较高, 其他光合作用指标没有明显变化。遗传研究表明, 无毛性状是由一对核基因控制的隐性性状。     

稻米直链淀粉及其含量研究进展

直链淀粉含量（AC）是影响稻米食用品质的关键因素之一。文章综合了国内外水稻研究人员对稻米直链淀粉的研究成果,重点论述了直链淀粉的结构,理化性质;直链淀粉含量（AC）对稻米食味的影响,AC的遗传机制,相关性状,影响AC的环境因素,AC变化的机理,AC研究与测定方法进展,改善AC的措施以及AC研究中存在的问题。