Effects of Cultivars,Transplanting Patterns,Environment, and Their Interactions on Grain Quality of Japonica Rice

With the increasing scarcity of rural labor, the rice transplanting pattern is encountering a shift from artificial transplanting (AT) to mechanical transplanting (MT) in numerous rice‐growing districts of China. The shift of transplanting patterns combined with altered growing environment during the grain‐filling stage in different years presumably affects rice quality. Nevertheless, related information is currently limited. This study investigated the effects of cultivars, transplanting patterns, environment, and their interactions on appearance, milling, eating, and nutritional qualities of four japonica rice varieties. The significant interactive effects of cultivars, environment, and transplanting patterns on almost all rice quality parameters (except Thr, Met, and Ile) were observed. Cultivars and environment were the main factors influencing rice appearance and milling and eating qualities. Cultivar was the primary factor affecting rice nutritional quality. Among all treatments, environment showed the strongest effect on percentage of chalky kernel, milled rice yield, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, consistence, amylose, Glu, Tyr, and Met contents. However, Leu and Phe contents were unaffected by environment but only by cultivars and transplanting patterns. In addition to amylose and protein, Glu and Met contents were also involved in determining rice eating quality. Amino acid contents (except Cys, Tyr, and Met) were significantly negatively correlated with head rice yield, showing the function of amino acids in controlling rice milling quality. Percentage of chalky kernel as well as protein and almost all amino acid contents were significantly negatively correlated with the difference of maximum and minimum temperature (DMMT) and positively correlated with relative humidity (RH), whereas head rice yield did it reversely. Amylose content and setback were significantly negatively related to daily maximum temperature (DMAT), daily minimum temperature (DMIT), daily average temperature (DAT), and effective temperature accumulation (ETA). However, peak viscosity, breakdown, and consistence had contrary performances. According to these results, we can infer that DMMT and RH are important environmental factors affecting rice appearance, milling qualities, and nutritional qualities and that DMAT, DMIT, DAT, and ETA are key environmental factors influencing rice eating quality.     

基于SPCE061A的车载灯光语音识别系统设计

在介绍车载灯光非特定人语音识别系统的组成和原理的基础上,重点分析了基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的模板训练和语音识别算法。选用凌阳SPCE061A的16位单片机进行了系统的硬件和软件设计。制定了本语音识别系统的实验方案,实验结果基本满足灯光控制的要求。     

枸杞的微波干燥特性及其对品质的影响

为了缩短枸杞的干燥时间、节约干燥成本,运用微波试验装置,通过选择不用的干燥功率和物料铺放厚度,研究了枸杞微波干燥特性及其对干燥后产品品质的影响。研究结果表明:微波干燥作用于枸杞干燥降速干燥阶段可以大幅缩短枸杞干燥周期,微波组合干燥较自然晾晒缩短时间约65h,约占自然晾晒干燥周期的72%;干燥功率和物料层厚度是影响微波干燥时间的重要因素,微波功率越大,物料层厚度越小,则物料干燥时间越短;不同的微波干燥参数对干后产品品质有不同影响,微波功率为1k W,当物料层厚度平铺为2cm时,干燥后产品多糖保存率和感官品质最好。     

烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。     

以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产模式研究

为了解决因长期不合理施用化肥导致的西藏土壤理化性状、营养元素、有机物质、生物学活性和重金属含量等问题,提出了以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产的3种模式,均以沼肥综合利用促进沼气发展为目标的,集养殖、沼气、种植为一体的循环农牧业清洁生产模式。同时,阐述了农牧业清洁生产的内涵和目标,以及西藏发展农牧业清洁生产的条件、模式、存在的问题及解决对策,为解决长期不合理施用化肥而导致的一系列问题提供思路。该研究有利于实现资源循环利用,实现生态农业与无公害农产品的生产,保护农牧区生态环境,促进西藏农牧业的可持续发展。     

基于MatLab和DSP的哈密瓜纹理分割与分类

以新疆特色水果哈密瓜为研究对象,提出一种利用Matlab辅助DSP提取哈密瓜纹理的方法。该方法首先利用Matlab把待处理的图像转换为数据文件(dat文件),然后利用DSP强大的运算能力分割哈密瓜表面纹理特征,并将分割结果同样以dat文件传递给Mat Lab,最后利用Mat Lab强大的数据分析与图像显示能力建立哈密瓜分类模型。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对哈密瓜表面纹理进行分割与分类,分类准确率为88.10%。该方法不但能够缩短DSP系统的开发周期,且能够为今后开发基于DSP的哈密瓜品质实时检测系统奠定基础。     

基于定向定量堆放的马铃薯收获机设计

在研究小型马铃薯收获机的基础上,设计了一款能根据收集薯块质量往特定方向堆放的马铃薯收获机,主要由挖掘装置、输送装置及定向定量堆放装置等组成。在马铃薯收获机的后部设计一个四分区临时集薯器,能根据所收获马铃薯的质量来打开集薯器,将收集的马铃薯向中间或者一侧堆放,从而实现了马铃薯的连续挖掘及收集薯块的定向定量间隔堆放,可在较大程度上降低人工捡拾的工作量,同时避免拖拉机碾压伤薯。     

拖拉机自动转向系统设计及仿真

以TN654拖拉机为平台,基于原车液压转向系统,设计一套比例方向电磁阀组和电控单元(ECU),构建了能响应程序控制的自动转向系统。通过建立阀控缸动力系统数学模型,利用Mat Lab对该系统PD控制性能进行仿真分析。仿真结果显示:系统最大迟滞0.24、1.8s内均能达到平衡点,表明系统具有良好的控制精度和响应性,符合拖拉机自动驾驶作业需求。     

玉米播种机排种监测的试验研究与设计

在对目前玉米播种机排种监测方法的研究基础上,设计了一套新的玉米播种机排种监测的试验方法:将4对光电传感器并排安装在导种管内壁以监测空或堵的情况并进行报警;同时,利用安装在排种盘的中心轴上的空心转速编码器,测出排种盘转速连同试验所得的空穴率,从而得出玉米排种量。试验结果表明:该方案模拟实际空或堵的报警率达100%,排种量检测平均精度98.37%,各项性能指标均达到了实际要求。     

土壤残膜振动筛的研究现状综述

主要介绍筛面物料的运动规律和试验方法的研究现状,分析了几种现有的筛分装置的工作原理,研究了现有的振动筛结构及工作参数的优化方案。同时,基于现有的研究成果为残膜机械的研究工作提供几点建议。