蔬菜穴盘苗自动精确移栽组合式取苗机构设计与测试

Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a laboratory.The seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays, transfer them, and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the ground.It consisted of a path manipulator and two grippers.The path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design of Ⅱ-type mechanism combination in series.It consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism.According to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory, the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector equation.The gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction.It consisted of multiple pick-up pins, U-type pull rod, shaft, stop block, compression spring and frame.The mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint conditions.The final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or not.According to the analysis on the work process, the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching, penetrating, extracting, transferring, erecting and discharging a seedling.Taking pepper seedlings, tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects, the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up device.The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.     

不同容器基质苦楝的育苗效果及其评价

为寻求适宜苦楝种子育苗的容器基质,利用容器育苗成型技术,在泥炭中添加不同比例的珍珠岩和蛭石,研究不同容器育苗基质对苦楝种子出苗及生长的影响,并采用因子分析法对苦楝的育苗效果进行综合评价。结果表明：T3（V泥炭:V珍珠岩=1:1）和T5（V泥炭:V蛭石=2:1）处理苦楝叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率显著低于其他处理,T4（V泥炭:V蛭石=3:1）处理的光合速率和蒸腾速率相对较强。T1（V泥炭:V珍珠岩=3:1）和T2（V泥炭:V珍珠岩=2:1）处理的苦楝出苗率最高,均达到了97.9%,T3、T5和T7（V泥炭:V蛭石:V珍珠岩=6:1:1）处理显著低于其他试验处理,分别仅为88.7%、85.4%和85.4%。多重比较结果表明,T2、T6（V泥炭:V蛭石=1:1）和T7的株高和地径显著大于其他试验处理,而T5处理则显著低于试验处理,T6处理的地上部生物量和地下部生物量相对较高,而T3和T5处理的生物量显著最低,各处理间不同指标的表现并不完全吻合。利用因子分析法综合评价不同容器育苗基质苦楝的育苗效果是适宜的。对苦楝的出苗率、株高、地径、地上部分和地下部分鲜重等5个指标进行因子分析,结果表明,T6为苦楝容器育苗最佳配比基质,其次为T7和T4,T3综合育苗效果最差。     

GPRS数据通信在恒压供水远程监控系统中的应用

本文阐述了基于GPRS数据通信的恒压供水远程监控系统的结构、可实现的功能,还介绍了GPRS数据通信的原理以及所需配置的主要设备等。     

不同水肥处理膜下滴灌棉田根际微生物及棉花生长发育的研究

研究了不同水肥处理膜下滴灌棉田土壤根际微生物数量及种类的变化,结果表明：水分处理对微生物数量的影响比施肥要明显,花铃期土壤根际微生物数量与棉花产量呈正相关,其中适水中肥处理下数量最多,而吐絮期则以丰水高肥下达最大。     

Responses of native legume desert trees used for reforestation in the Sonoran Desert to plant growth-promoting microorganisms in screen house

Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation. Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions.     

黄河故道区域不同种植模式及秸秆还田方式对土壤的改良效果

由于长期受到流水冲击,黄河故道区域农田以中低产田为主,因此本区域农田质量提升成为黄河中下游平原绿色发展的重要研究课题。在河南濮阳清丰地区秸秆还田方式的基础上,选取黄河故道区域广泛种植的小麦、玉米和花生三大主要农作物,于2009年进行4种种植模式长期定位试验：小麦-玉米、小麦-花生、小麦-玉米-小麦-花生和单季花生,其中小麦和玉米秸秆全部还田,花生秸秆不还田,探究不同种植模式对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田量越多,土壤有机质含量提高越多,小麦-花生、小麦-玉米-小麦-花生种植模式下土壤有机质含量最高,且其土壤含水量也显著高于其他处理,上层土壤容重有所降低,显著改善了土壤砂质化,提升了土壤的蓄水能力;秸秆还田量较大的种植模式的养分保持能力明显提高,养分含量显著增加;微生物群落结构对不同种植模式响应结果为,花生可以显著提升微生物丰度,微生物群落多样性随种植作物类型的增加而增加。因此,小麦-玉米-小麦-花生种植模式较为适宜濮阳清丰黄河故道区域,有利于土壤改良和区域农业的可持续发展。     

铜基营养保护剂对棉花生长和产量的影响

2013―2014年采用盆栽试验研究了不同种类及浓度的铜基营养保护剂对棉花生长、产量及防病效果等的影响。结果表明:4种铜基营养保护剂在喷施质量浓度为1 g·L-1和2 g·L-1时,与喷施清水相比,皮棉产量分别增加4.22%~13.38%和21.89%~38.36%;增加了棉株地上部干物质质量,最高达23.96%;降低了棉花病情指数26.75%~40.91%和22.78%~37.78%,但处理间差异不显著。因此,在棉花上喷施铜基营养保护剂既可促进棉花生长,增加棉花产量,又可提高棉花的防病效果。     

1-MCP微胶囊剂对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响

本文通过对不同剂量1-MCP微胶囊剂在猕猴桃冷藏过程中的果肉硬度、失重率以及可溶性固形物含量的变化的研究表明：1-MCP微胶囊剂对猕猴桃的硬度下降、失重率的降低具有明显的延缓作用,对可溶性固形物含量的降低也有一定的抑制作用。     

浅谈农业现代化建设

该文阐述了提高农民整体素质,加大科技成果的转化推广力度,推行农业标准化、规模化生产是实现我国农业现代化建设的必由之路。     

凤阳山不同林分土壤腐殖质特征及影响因素

以浙江省凤阳山海拔1 300~1 400 m处不同林分类型(阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、杉木林、竹林)为对象,测定不同土层土壤基本理化性质、酶活性及腐殖质质量分数,分析土壤腐殖质特征及影响因素,为凤阳山自然保护区的土壤肥力和可持续经营发展提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤腐殖质质量分数针阔混交林最高,阔叶混交林、竹林、杉木林次之;胡敏酸质量分数针阔混交林最高,杉木林最低;富里酸质量分数针阔混交林最高,竹林最低。除磷酸酶活性随土层加深无统一规律外,4种林分脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及蔗糖酶活性土壤随土层加深皆呈现降低趋势。土壤pH值、土壤密度与土壤腐殖质质量分数、胡敏酸质量分数和富里酸质量分数均呈现显著的负相关;除磷酸酶活性相关性不显著外,土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙、非毛管孔隙与土壤腐殖质质量分数、胡敏酸质量分数和富里酸质量分数均呈现显著的正相关。凤阳山不同林分类型对土壤腐殖质特征的影响较土层深度更显著,土壤理化性质及酶活性与土壤腐殖质质量分数有着密切关系。