在前临床期检测金仓鼠羊痒病淋巴结中病理型朊蛋白PrP（Sc）

12只雌性5周龄金仓鼠腹腔注射50μL羊痒病（SCRAPIE）263K株10%的脑组织匀浆。在临床前期,感染后第2、4、6、8、10、12周和临床末期第20周,金仓鼠被分别处死,取大脑、淋巴组织、脾脏、肾脏、肝脏、心脏和肌肉等组织,进行蛋白质免疫印迹杂交实验检测朊病毒病理型朊蛋白PrPSc。研究结果显示在临床前期,通过改进后的纯化技术,我们能够检测出淋巴组织和脾脏组织中的PrPSc,但是在肾脏、肝脏、心脏和肌肉等组织中仍然没有检测到PrPSc。     

Thermal features,ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non-pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non-pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non-pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.     

屠宰环节检疫检验印章印油使用现状及问题分析

本文调研并整理了屠宰环节现行有效的检疫检验印章种类及印油的使用情况,分析了实际应用中存在的问题和潜在风险,并就进一步规范屠宰环节检疫检验印章及印油的使用和管理提出了建议。     

YX106系杜洛克种猪有效精子数遗传改良

公猪在养猪生产中占据着最重要的位置,公猪的优秀遗传基因可通过精液快速传递到商品群中,从而快速获得效益。因此公猪精液的好坏关系着公猪的价值。在高成本的选育前提下,选育出1头精液品质优良的公猪具有重要的意义。研究将公猪精液品质指标加入到公猪选育性状中进行对比分析。研究结果表明：对公猪进行精液有效精子数选育可提高选育质量,正向促进公猪选育效果,提升种公猪利用效率。     

云南省红河州病死畜禽无害化处理存在问题及对策

云南省红河州畜禽养殖数量庞大。为了解红河州病死畜禽无害化处理体系的建设情况,总结了该州畜禽养殖生产和病死畜禽无害化处理工作基本情况,指出了该州存在病死畜禽无害化处理中收集体系建设进展缓慢、集中无害化处理率低、补助配套政策不完善等问题,继而提出了加快推进收集处理体系建设,建立联动监管执法机制,强化政策配套及落实,加强宣传引导,提升重大动物疫病防控水平等建议,从而为完善该州病死畜禽无害化处理体系,推动畜牧业健康高效发展提供参考。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.     

政府重视畜禽健康养殖环境的整改建设应是走向现代畜牧业的关键

经过多年的努力,我国农区畜牧业有了长足的发展,正处于由传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业过度的关键时期。然而,由于养殖的传统基础,随着养殖密度的不断增大,伴随着养殖环境的逐渐恶化,形成疫情潜在危险,直接影响农区畜牧业持续发展和向现代畜牧业的转变。笔者就我国部分地区农区畜牧业发展的现状、存在的问题缺陷、对一些年来疫情发生的基本规律加以分析,提出必须由政府重视对目前建立在传统基础之上的农区畜牧业加以系统整改,科学规划布局,解决存在的问题,规范畜禽养殖,建立畜禽健康养殖环境,实现农区畜牧业的持续健康现代化发展。提出"政府保整建,业务部门保质量"的整改发展目标责任。     

溶菌酶对肉鸡食糜微生物数量、免疫及生产性能的影响

本试验旨在探讨溶菌酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响并简要探讨其作用机制,通过与抗生素作比较,选择食糜微生物数量、免疫机能及生长性能作为评价指标。选择144只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为对照组、抗生素组及2个剂量溶菌酶组(基础日粮分别添加150g/t和300g/t溶菌酶),每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。试验鸡只饲喂玉米-豆粕型粉料,地面平养。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加溶菌酶降低了食糜中有害微生物(梭菌和大肠杆菌类)数量(P0.05);降低了肉鸡免疫器官指数、鸡新城疫抗体水平、IL-1β mRNA和TNF-α mRNA的表达丰度;溶菌酶对肉鸡平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05),极显著提高了整个试验阶段肉鸡平均日增重,降低了料重比(P0.01);溶菌酶组与抗生素组在平均日采食量、日增重及料重比方面无显著性差异(P0.05)。综合各指标表明,溶菌酶具有类似抗生素的抗菌促生长作用,每吨饲料添加150g溶菌酶呈现出抗菌促生长作用。     

肉鸡夏季饲养技术要点

夏季,高温天气对于肉鸡的饲养是一个十分不利的因素。肉鸡生长的适宜温度一般为１８℃－２１℃。当气温超过２５℃,肉鸡的食欲即开始下降;气温升至３２℃时,肉鸡有发生中暑与死亡的危险。因此,在夏季必须有计划地采取以防暑降温、提高采食量为主的综合措施,以达到使肉鸡快速增重的目的。其技术要点如下。１采用有效的降温设施 棚舍建在地势高燥、通风良好的地方;棚舍屋顶喷水或加盖草帘;打开所有门窗、通风孔;棚舍内安装吊扇;鸡体喷冷水雾等都能起到降低棚舍内温度的作用。２供足清凉的饮水 天气炎热时,由于肉鸡要不断地张口喘气…