Effects of Polysaccharides from Pulsatilla Decoction on the Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx

Pulsatilla decoction is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula for clearing heat and treating dysentery of animals or human. To elucidate its mechanism, many active components have been studied, however, the roles of its polysaccharides still remain unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of polysaccharides from Pulsatilla decoction （PPD） on the microvascular endothelial glycocalyx （eGC）. The polysaccharides were extracted from PPD by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. Mice were administered with PPD for 4 wk, and were then anesthetized with ether inhalation and were ifxed by cardiac perfusion with gradient concentration alcian blue solution. The jejunum was sampled and jejunal mucosa was prepared for ultrathin sections by routine method and was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the eGC was observed as a strong electron-dense smooth linear margin or nonuniform conglomerates coating cell membranes, and PPD signiifcantly increased its thickness from （21.85±1.87） to （28.71±3.61） nm and improved its integrity. This study suggested that PPD may express their biological activities and protect against pathogenic factor damages by inlfuencing the eGC.     

楚韵湖水质的理化特性研究

2009年4月、7月、10月分别对楚韵湖进行了水质理化特性的季节调查,结果表明:楚韵湖平均水温20.5℃,pH值平均为7.09,透明度为48.2 cm,碱度平均为1.47 mmol/L,溶氧为5.19 mg/L,亚硝酸氮为0.010 mg/L,化学耗氧量为4.02 mg/L。多数理化因子出现明显的季节变化,其湖水为Ⅲ类水。     

烟台黑猪SLA-DQB基因外显子2多态性及其与仔猪腹泻的关联分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法对烟台黑猪DQB基因外显子2的多态性进行研究,并对该位点与仔猪腹泻的关联进行了分析。结果表明,在烟台黑猪DQB基因外显子2上共检测出4种等位基因(A、B、C、D),7种RFLP带型(AA、BB、CC、AB、AC、BC、AD),该位点具有较丰富的多态性。卡方适合性检验显示,烟台黑猪的DQB基因外显子2没有达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.05)。最小二乘法分析结果表明,烟台黑猪的性别和DQB外显子2的基因型均对仔猪腹泻无显著影响(P>0.05),而性别与基因型的互作效应对仔猪腹泻具有极显著的影响(P<0.01),在公猪群体中,AD基因型仔猪腹泻评分高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05),在母猪群体中BB、AC、BC、CC基因型仔猪腹泻评分高于其他基因型仔猪(P<0.05)。     

蛋白酶高产菌株的筛选鉴定与酶学特性研究

以酪蛋白水解圈为筛选标记,在以酪蛋白为唯一氮源的平板上,从土壤中分离筛选到3株高产蛋白酶的菌株,经形态学鉴定和16S rRNA分析,将其分别鉴定为Bacillus sp.G1、Bacillus sp.G2、Stenotrophomonas sp.V1。将这3株菌株的发酵液通过硫酸铵分级沉淀初步纯化后,其比酶活分别为22.21、19.10和16.03 U/mg。菌株Bacillus sp.G1和Bacillus sp.G2所产蛋白酶的最适反应温度和最适反应pH值均为40℃和7.0;菌株Stenotrophomonas sp.V1所产蛋白酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适酶反应pH值为7.5。     

普通硅肥与纳米硅肥对烤烟内生真菌种群结构的影响

To explore the effects of common silicon fertilizer and nano-silicon fertilizer on the population structure of endophytic fungi in flue-cured tobacco,Yunyan 99 was used as test material, common silicon and nano-silicon were sprayed at vigorous growth,budding and dome stages.The treatments were set as follows: CK (water), T5 (common silicon,0.17 kg/hm²), T8 (nano-silicon,0.32 kg/hm²).The effects of different silicon fertilizer on the diversity, composition, structure, chemical composition and aroma substance of endophytic fungi in flue-cured tobacco were studied. Compared with CK, T5 and T8 treatment could effectively improve the community diversity,composition, structure and the content of chemicals and aroma substances. Compared with CK, the diversity of endophytic fungi increased under T8 treatment and decreased under T5 treatment.Compared with CK, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota under T5 and T8 increased by 58.14% and 37.35%, respectively,at the same time, the relative abundance of Flobasidium increased by 113.17% and 417.07%, respectively.Among them, T8 treatment increased the species of endophytic fungi, among which,31 species were more than CK treatment. The correlation analysis was based on chemical composition, aroma substances of tobacco leaves and endophytic fungal community composition.The contents of nicotine,soluble protein,Maillard reaction products and aroma substances were significantly related to the community composition of endophytic fungi in tobacco leaves. The diversity of endophytic fungi in tobacco leaves could be increased by spraying nano-silica fertilizer on leaf surface,and the content of chemicals and aroma substances of tobacco could be changed.It is meaningful for human to produce high quality flue-cured tobacco.     

基于Spark的支持向量机在小麦病害图像识别中的应用

为了提高小麦病害图像分类的效率,提出了一种基于Spark的并行式支持向量机算法。首先对小麦病害图像进行滤波去噪、灰度压缩等处理,利用灰度共生矩阵、不变矩阵等从颜色、纹理和形状3个方面提取49个特征向量;然后通过数据集的切分和并行框架的支持,将大数据并行处理技术Spark与支持向量机结合,运用Scala语言实现了串行支持向量机算法的并行化,并将其应用于小麦病害图像识别。针对小麦锈病和白粉病的图像分类测试结果表明,当测试图像分别是2 600、3 900、5 120张时,该算法对锈病的分类精度依次是76.03%、81.18%、77.82%,对白粉病的分类精度依次是83.27%、85.91%、83.14%,比串行支持向量机分类精度有所提升。分类时间依次是13 928.0、18 506.1、24 897.2 ms,明显低于串行支持向量机的分类时间。改进的算法实现了小麦病害分类精度的小幅度提升,明显提高了处理速度,具有较快的学习收敛速率。     

北京市野生有毒植物资源调查研究

为合理保护和利用野生植物资源,通过野外调查,对北京市野生有毒植物的种类、生活型组成、有毒部位、毒性、毒理类型及利用价值进行了分析。结果表明:北京市共有野生有毒植物145种,隶属于51科110属,其中草本植物占80%,木本植物占20%。有毒部位以全株或全草有毒为主。毒性以小毒占大多数,剧毒植物仅1种。毒理类型以神经系统和皮肤、粘膜刺激性中毒的种类较多。利用价值主要有药用、食用、植物源农药及工业用途。最后对有毒植物资源利用现状进行了分析与探讨,提出了对其进行保护和利用的建议。     

食品原料安全控制的现状与对策

食品安全问题依赖于食品原料生产过程中的安全控制.食品原料安全控制,应健全法律制度,提高全民认识;建立管理机制,抑制食品质量安全造成的不良影响;加大疫病疫情及微生物风险的控制力度,确保畜产品原料安全;加强产地环境监测与控制,积极推广绿色产品生产技术;实行食品溯源制度,完善监控体系;不断完善检测技术,推进农业标准化;建立产业协作组织,加强指导,有效控制食品原料安全,确保食品安全.     

利用Aroona近等基因系研究高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对面包加工品质的影响

【目的】低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）以Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c为背景,明确不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对面团流变学特性、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质作用大小。【方法】在新疆乌鲁木齐和石河子种植以澳大利亚小麦品种Aroona作为轮回亲本培育的近等基因系（NILs）,并测定其粉质仪、拉伸仪、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质等参数。【结果】HMW-GS对延展性效应不显著,对面团强度效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10面团强度最大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最大面团强度,2*、7+9、2+12和1、7+9、2.2+12具有最好的延展性。HMW-GS对不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量（%UPP）效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10的%UPP最高;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最高的%UPP。HMW-GS对面包总分效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;就单个亚基或亚基对而言,1、2*、2+12和5+10具有最高的面包总分;亚基组合1、7+9、2+12面包总分最高,1、7+9、5+10次之,null、7+9、2+12最低。【结论】在相同LMW-GS（Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c）背景下,HMW-GS对面团强度、%UPP和面包加工品质影响较大,对延展性影响较小;单个亚基或亚基对1、2*、7+9、17+18和5+10对小麦品质影响较大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10可作为品质改良的最佳组合。     

外源Cd、Pb在薄层黑土中的形态分布及其对小白菜生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了外源镉、铅在土壤中的形态分布及其对小白菜生长的影响。结果表明:随着外源镉、铅浓度的增加,土壤中各形态的镉、铅均呈上升趋势。其中镉、铅均以交换态和碳酸盐结合态增幅较大,交换态、碳酸盐结合态镉、铅所占的百分比均呈现上升趋势;残渣态镉呈锐减趋势。外源镉浓度在0～2mg/kg时,小白菜的鲜重、叶长、干重都略有增加;当镉浓度达5 mg/kg时,小白菜的鲜重、叶长、干重开始下降,当镉浓度达20 mg/kg时与对照相比下降分别为27%、28%和21%。随着外源铅浓度的增加,小白菜的鲜重、叶长、干重在不断下降,当铅浓度达2 000 mg/kg时与对照相比下降分别为43%、38%和35%。