48个紫花苜蓿品种在贵州南部的适应性研究

为筛选出适应贵州地区的紫花苜蓿品种,研究了48个紫花苜蓿品种在贵州地区种植的成活率、产量、株高及分株数,并通过聚类对其进行分类.结果表明,所用品种的成活率均逐年降低,其中成活率较高的品种有SIMA1105、牧歌、Defi、Mvariax、Archer、Amerigraze701、Victoria、CW680;13 RSuperme、Victoria、CW403、CW502、CW650、CW900、WL414、WL525、捷卡1号的产草量显著高于其他品种;各品种间的株高差异较小;不同品种的分枝数差异显著,其中分枝较多的品种有SIMA1099、Barbara SPI、Mvariax、13RSuperme、Victoria、捷卡1号、陇东苜蓿.通过聚类分析筛选出6个在贵州南部适应性较好的品种,分别为Barbara SPI、13RSuperme、Victoria、Millenium、WL414、捷卡1号.     

28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸WP对水稻秧田杂草及产量的影响

研究了28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸对水稻秧田稗草[Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.]、鸭舌草[Monochoia vaginalis(Burm.f.)]等的防除效果,并测定了杂草对氮、磷、钾和水分的影响以及对水稻产量的影响.结果表明,28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸WP对水稻秧田的主要杂草具有良好的防治效果,有效成分用量为168～420 g/hm2的28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸对水稻秧田稗草密度防效和鲜重防效分别为84.06％～98.50％、91.55％～98.63％,对鸭舌草的密度防效和鲜重防效分别为94.06％～100.00％、90.94％～100.00％,显著优于对照药剂10％苄嘧磺隆WP和50％二氯喹啉酸WP.28％苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸施用后,增产效果总体优于对照药剂,在水稻秧田具有良好的推广前景.     

芫花杀虫活性成分的结构鉴定

芫花乙醇粗提物经石油醚及氯仿萃取,萃取物经柱层析、薄层层析和生测后分别获得较纯组分.以这两种组分进行结构鉴定及返回生物测定(试虫卫矛尺蠖Abraxesmiranda),结果证明,β-谷甾醇是芫花中具有强烈拒食活性的组分之一.这两个组分中均有雪松醇,其杀虫活性有待于进一步研究证实.     

东莞莲花山自然保护区昆虫资源的初步研究

本文根据2001和2002年的调查结果，记述了广东省东莞莲花山自然保护区的昆虫种类调查结果．共计11目69科193种。     

桑树杂交组合桂桑优12的育成

应用遗传互补和杂种优势原理 ,育成桑树新品种 (杂交组合 )桂桑优 12。其F1群体整齐、发条数多、枝高节密、叶大叶厚、耐剪伐、再生能力强、发芽较早、收造较晚、产叶量较高、叶质较优、繁育较易 ,适宜常规栽培以及加速生丰产和省力化养蚕栽培。与对照沙 2×伦 10 9相比 ,每公顷桑叶产量增产 11 36 % ,桑叶养蚕万头蚕产茧层量增加 4 4 2 % ,10 0kg桑叶产茧量增产 3 18% ,每公顷桑园产茧量增产 19 6 3%。     

多系配套杂交群体遗传结构分析

利用8个微卫星标记对杜长大三元杂交群体5个种群，斯格配套系8个种群的遗传结构进行了分析。通过计算等位基因频率、基因杂合度、平均杂合度、多态信息含量、纯种间的遗传距离、F-统计量和迁移率进行分析。结果表明各群体的平均基因杂合度存在一定差异。纯种、祖代、父母代、商品代群体的平均座位杂合度和多态信息含量随着群体在杂交繁育体系中位置的由高到低而逐渐升高。Nei氏标准遗传距离显示，父本和母本间的遗传距离大，遗传距离大的父本和母本用于杂交，产生的杂种优势最大，这与实际的杂交组合一致。Fst衡量等位基因频率群体间方差，杜长大群体大约总变异的1．02％～15．60％来自种群间，而剩余的84．40％～98．98％来自种群内，斯格群体大约总变异的3．02％～15．22％来自种群间，而剩余的84．78％～96．98％来自种群内，斯格和杜长大纯种的遗传分化处于较小到中等之间。     

现代家兔驯化史初探

现代家兔起源于野生穴兔,它与山兔属的野生兔是同科而不同属的动物,学术界对家兔的起源地有外来论和原产论两种不同的观点。1400~1800年前我国家兔驯化首先从宫廷开始,然后传到民间,并由北向南逐步扩大,但真正形成生产性动物只有200余年的历史。     

蟛蜞菊对肉兔的饲用价值

选择24只体重相近的40日龄肉兔,随机分成2组,每组12只,基础日粮相同,青饲料分别饲喂桂牧1号象草与蟛蜞菊,两组在平均日增重、平均日耗基础料量、平均日耗青料量间均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明肉兔采食蟛蜞菊可正常生长发育。同时,两组肉兔的血液指标和内脏重量无显著差异,表明蟛蜞菊与桂牧1号的饲用价值相似,可用于肉兔生产。     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.