MIT OCW对我国高校数字化教育资源建设的启示

MIT OCW,即麻省理工学院网络课件开放式工程,其所提倡的教育资源共享、促进学科交流和人才培养以及为高等教育服务和全民终身教育服务的理念对于我国高枝数字化教育资源建设具有重要的意义。本文对MIT OCW的课件工程做了系统的介绍,并由此阐述了这种模式建设对于我国高校数字化教育资源建设的启示。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

我国西南边贸木材市场又现波澜

自从我国实施天然林保护工程以来,西南地区的木材边贸活动便日趋频繁.进入新世纪以后,每年都在以平均20%左右的速度递增木材进口数量.     

SMART技术构建的辣椒疫霉菌与辣椒互作AD-cDNA文库

为了分离和克隆辣椒中疫霉菌诱导基因,以接种辣椒疫霉菌的叶片为材料,利用SMART技术构建辣椒疫霉菌与辣椒互作的双杂交c DNA文库。结果表明:该文库容量为3.6×106cfu,重组率88%左右,插入片段集中在300~2000bp之间,平均长度约为800bp,表明获得的文库质量较高,该文库将为分子育种提供重要的基因资源。     

伪狂犬病病毒在NF-κB家族p65基因敲除细胞系的复制规律研究

试验旨在研究伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）在NF-κB家族p65基因敲除细胞系中的复制规律。利用慢病毒介导的CRISPR/Cas9基因定点修饰技术构建猪肺泡巨噬细胞（3D4/21）p65基因稳定敲除细胞系。通过构建p65-sgRNA重组质粒,转染至HEK293T/17细胞,收取慢病毒,感染3D4/21细胞后利用嘌呤霉素筛选获得多克隆细胞系,T7核酸酶检测敲除效率,再通过有限稀释法获得3D4/21-p65^-/-的稳定细胞系。CCK-8试剂盒检测3D4/21细胞中敲除p65基因后对细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测PRV-GFP感染3D4/21及3D4/21-p65^-/-细胞后病毒增殖的差异;实时定量PCR检测PRV感染3D4/21及3D4/21-p65^-/-细胞后PRV gB、TK基因mRNA表达水平及PRV感染细胞诱导的IL-1β和IL-6基因mRNA水平表达的变化;Western blotting检测PRV-QXX感染3D4/21及3D4/21-p65^-/-细胞后PRV gB、gE蛋白的表达;滴度测定检测PRV-QXX感染3D4/21及3D4/21-p65^-/-细胞后子代病毒滴度。结果表明,sgRNA2和sgRNA3的基因编辑效率较高,对其进行克隆化培养进而获得敲除p65基因的稳定表达细胞系;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力表明,p65基因敲除对细胞活力无影响;流式细胞仪检测表明,同一时间点PRV-GFP在3D4/21-p65^-/-中的增殖显著高于对照细胞;实时荧光定量PCR表明在3D4/21细胞中敲除p65基因促进了PRV gB、TK基因的mRNA表达水平,而抑制了IL-1β、IL-6基因的mRNA表达;Western blotting结果表明,在3D4/21细胞中敲除p65基因促进了PRV gB、gE蛋白的表达;滴度测定结果表明,同一时间点PRV-QXX在3D4/21-p65^-/-细胞中子代病毒的复制显著高于对照细胞。以上结果均表明,p65基因敲除可促进PRV在3D4/21细胞中复制。     

Effects of Different Milk Samples on Sensitization in BALB/c Mice

In order to study the allergenicity of camel milk,cow milk and human milk,sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) group (positive control group),cow milk group,camel milk group,human milk group and blank group (negative control group). Each group of mice received 1 mg/g BW samples and 0.3 μg/g cholera toxin (CT) per week,while mice in control group were received PBS and CT. After six weeks of intragastric administration,some allergic symptoms,the serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels,plasma histamine levels and vascular permeability were detected. The results showed that the body weight of mice in camel milk,human milk and blank groups were normally increased,while that in β-lg and cow milk groups tended to slow down. The serum-specific IgE,IgG1 levels and histamine level in β-lg and cow milk groups were extremely significantly higher than blank group (P<0.01),the vascular permeability was increased,and the allergy symptoms were obvious. While the specific IgE and IgG1 levels of camel milk group were extremely significantly lower than cow milk group (P<0.01),but there were no significant difference with human milk group (P>0.05),and the allergy symptoms were mild. This study showed that the sensitization of camel milk was lower than cow milk,and similar to human milk.     

不同花色牡丹品种花瓣色素含量及成分分析

以分属白、粉、红3个色系的6个牡丹品种花瓣为试材,采用薄层层析色谱法(TLC)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV)和高效液相色谱仪-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)研究不同花色牡丹品种花瓣中的色素含量,并进行了定性分析。结果表明:粉色和红色系牡丹中检测出2种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷和芍药花素-3,5-二葡糖苷,白色系牡丹中未检测到花青苷类物质,其中矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷在粉色系牡丹中含量较高,而红色系中总黄酮和总花青苷的含量最高。     

渭北旱塬沟壑区苹果节水灌溉制度分析

为了探讨渭北旱塬沟壑区盛果期苹果不同水文年的节水灌溉制度,选取洛川县为代表性区域,利用该县近56年的月气象资料,基于水量平衡原理,分析了陕西省两个不同成熟期的苹果品种(中熟嘎拉、晚熟富士)在不同节水灌溉模式下(管灌、滴灌)各水文年的充分与非充分灌溉制度。结果表明:1不同成熟期苹果各水文年均应补灌,补灌时间和灌水量主要集中在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期。2中熟品种充分灌溉在湿润年、平水年、干旱年、特旱年的灌水次数分别为2、3、3、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为60、85、120、165 mm,管灌为90、130、180、245 mm;非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为1、2、3、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为45、70、110、150 mm,管灌为65、110、170、220mm。3晚熟品种充分灌溉在相应水文年的灌水次数分别为2、3、4、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为65、90、125、160 mm,管灌为95、140、195、240 mm;非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为2、3、3、4次,相应滴灌灌溉定额为55、75、120、150mm,管灌灌溉定额为85、125、175、220 mm。     

细胞信号转导和骨架在人源福氏志贺菌侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞中的作用

为研究细胞信号转导和骨架在人源福氏志贺菌侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞中的作用,分别用酪氨酸蛋白激酶、酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶、蛋白激酶C、Ca2+通道等信号转导抑制剂染料木黄酮、原钒酸钠、星状孢子素、硝苯地平和微丝蛋白聚合抑制剂细胞松弛素B处理鸡肠上皮原代细胞后,采用细胞免疫组织化学染色检测人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株对鸡肠上皮原代细胞侵袭率,用间接免疫荧光双重标记检测ZD02株侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞后F-肌动蛋白分布的变化。结果显示,染料木黄酮、硝苯地平和细胞松弛素B能显著抑制人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株内化,星状孢子素和原钒酸钠对ZD02株的内化无影响,人源福氏志贺菌侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞时F-肌动蛋白发生聚集。本研究表明人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞过程中需要酪氨酸蛋白激酶、Ca2+通道活化以及细胞微丝重排。     

Antitumor activity of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide and its mechanism in vitro

AIM:To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide(PTPS).METHODS:PTPS-I was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Human erythroleukemia cell line K562, laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep2 and hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721were co-cultured with PTPS-I or the conditioned medium which prepared with PTPS-I-stimulated human mononuclear cells (PTPS-I-MNC-CM), and the proliferation of tumor cells was determined. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the proliferation of MNCs. The FQ-RT-PCR was applied to investigate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs. RESULTS:PTPS-I-MNC-CM inhibited the proliferation of K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro (P<0.01). Cytotoxicity of PTPS-I against K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells was not observed (P<0.01). PTPS-I stimulated the proliferation of MNCs (P<0.01) and significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that PTPS-I is an immunomodulator and its antitumoral activity is through the immunomodulatory mechanism rather than the direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells.