基于修正介电常数模型的煤矿区复垦土壤压实评价

模拟复垦机械对试验区土壤进行不同程度的压实,在探地雷达获取土壤介电常数的基础上,检验并修正了4种经典复合介电常数模型,并结合野外试验对修正后的模型通用性进行了验证。结果表明,土壤介电常数与土壤压实指标(土壤紧实度、容重、孔隙率等)相关系数89%,可以表征土壤压实状况;原有复合介电常数模型虽然存在误差不能直接使用,但模型计算值与实测值相关系数0.99,修正后二者拟合误差1%;在野外试验中,基于修正后的介电常数模型反算的土壤压实指标(容重、孔隙率)与实验室测量值误差率5%,通用性较好。表明在科学布设测线以保证探地雷达准确获取土壤介电常数的前提下,可以通过修正后的复合介电常数模型对煤矿区复垦土壤压实状况进行全面客观的评价。     

哈尼梯田生态系统森林土壤水源涵养功能分析

位于云南省哀牢山区红河南岸的红河哈尼稻作梯田系统是全球重要农业文化遗产之一,自上而下形成了垂直分布的“森林、村庄、梯田、河谷”四素同构的良性原始农业生态系统,使得该系统成功地抵御了多年的连续干旱。以哈尼梯田的核心区域撒马坝梯田上方的典型森林为对象,对其土壤水源涵养功能进行了系统分析和评价。结果表明,研究区平均土壤容重为1.09 g/cm³,总孔隙度为65.1%,非毛管孔隙度为18.7%,平均土壤蓄水容量达2 589 t/hm²,土壤滞留贮水量达739 t/hm²,表层土壤平均初渗率达13.57 mm/min,稳渗率达7.22 mm/min,充分说明了该区域的土壤水热交换条件和土壤渗透性都十分良好。与我国其他区域森林相比,哈尼梯田森林具有很高的土壤水源涵养能力,是其适应极端干旱气候的重要保障,其模式可为我国适应极端气候变化减少农业经济损失提供重要的经验借鉴。     

玉米皮多酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

为探究超声辅助酶解法提取玉米皮多酚的最优工艺,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性,以玉米皮多酚提取量为响应值,分别考察超声时间、提取温度、料液比和酶添加量4个因素对提取效果的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:超声时间6.5 min、酶解温度55℃、液料比41 mL·g^-1、木聚糖酶添加量2.10%,此条件下,玉米皮多酚提取量最高,为7.26 ± 0.15 mg·g^-1,与响应面预测值7.17 mg·g^-1相近。DPPH·和ABTS⁺·清除法抗氧化试验结果表明,玉米皮多酚具有较强的抗氧化能力,可作为潜在天然抗氧化剂应用于食品行业。本研究结果为玉米加工副产物玉米皮综合应用提供了理论依据。     

木糖还原酶基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

木糖还原酶是木糖醇生物合成的关键酶,催化木糖合成木糖醇。以实验室筛选并经分子生物学鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母的木糖还原酶基因为基础,以酵母表达载体pPICZαA成功构建了含有木糖还原酶的重组表达载体pPICZαA-xyl,为进一步研究真核表达木糖还原酶和木糖醇的生产奠定基础。     

《种子法规与管理》课程教学改革初探

种子产业的发展,要求种子专业人才要具备综合知识结构,要掌握种子科学技术和理论的专业知识.《种子法规与管理》是种子科学与工程专业培养计划中的主观专业课程.本文本着培养学生熟悉掌握种子法规及行政管理相关知识,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养思考问题解决问题的能力,从培养高级应用型人才角度对本课程的教学方法进行了一系列的改革.     

In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

水轮机组振动故障诊断和试验研究

振动故障严重影响水轮机组的正常运行和发电效益,要清除振动故障,必须认清振动的原因,找准振源。从机械、水力、电气等三个方面分析了引起水轮机组振动的主要原因及特征。介绍了转速、励磁和负荷试验在水轮机振动故障诊断中的应用,通过分析某电站现场振动试验中各部位振动及水压脉动的幅值随机组运行工况变化的规律,找出了引起该机组振动的原因和处理方法,具体说明了试验法在水轮机组振动故障诊断和处理中的应用。     

小麦旗叶大小及穗部相关性状的QTL定位

为了发掘更多控制小麦旗叶大小及穗部相关性状的QTL,以兰考906和小偃81创制的133个F6~F7重组自交系为试验材料,在6个环境下利用SSR标记对旗叶大小及穗部相关性状进行QTL定位。结果表明,有202对SSR标记被用于构建遗传连锁图谱,图谱覆盖小麦21条染色体,全长1 678.93cM,标记间平均距离8.30cM。采用完备区间作图法共检测到30个QTL,分布在1B、2A、3D、4A、4B、4D、5D、6A、6B、6D和7D染色体上。其中,旗叶宽QTL有7个,穗长QTL有9个,小穗数QTL有5个,穗粒数QTL有5个,小穗着生密度QTL有4个,不同环境下单个QTL可解释的表型变异率为4.94%~23.14%,有14个QTL的表型贡献率大于10%,有8个QTL可在2个或2个以上环境中被检测到。其中,Qflw-4A在3个环境中被检测到,贡献率为10.13%~20.77%,是控制旗叶宽的稳定主效QTL;Qsl-4D.2在4个环境中被检测到,贡献率为12.58%~23.14%,是控制穗长的稳定主效QTL;Qker-5D在2个环境中被检测到,贡献率为11.44%~14.32%,是控制穗粒数的稳定主效QTL。这3个稳定主效QTL可作为改良叶宽和增加穗粒数的功能QTL作进一步研究。     

豌豆根腐病研究进展

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。