新疆热点旅游城市旅游气候资源评价及分类

气候资源是一个地区旅游业发展的基本因子。本文利用新疆多年的气象统计资料,通过对风效指数、温湿指数及由此确定的隶属度的测算,来定量分析新疆重点旅游城市的旅游气候资源,得出每个城市适宜旅游的季节,并且将这些城市分为五个旅游气候类型,希望能给旅游者出行和旅游部门制定规划提供一些科学的参考和依据。     

干旱指数及其在青海东部旱区特征分析上的应用

在土壤水分平衡关系分析的基础上,提出了分析和评估旱害的5项指标:贫水指数、凋萎指数、降水指数、综合指数和干旱指数,并依据干旱指数对乐都浅山地区1961～1999年的粮食生产进行了年型分类。结果为:39a间共发生特大旱1a,大旱年3a,中旱年19a,轻旱年11a,平水年5a;发生机率分别为2.6%、7.69%、48.72%、26.21%、12.82%。同时认为青海东部地区旱区作物需水和耗水参数矛盾突出,干旱几乎年年发生,具有明显的难以预测性、多变性和不可控性。     

民族地区旅游地形象认知的替代效应与旅游形象策划

本文从心理认知的角度解释了旅游地形象认知的替代效应的概念和表现 ,结合民族地区旅游业发展的现状 ,对民族地区旅游形象认知的替代效应对旅游地的促进和抑制作用进行了研究 ,并以甘肃省临潭县旅游形象策划为例 ,对民族地区如何利用替代效应促进作用以及消除其抑制作用进行旅游地形象策划提出了意见。     

玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

贝莱斯芽胞杆菌HN-2的鉴定及对杧果炭疽菌的抑菌活性研究

菌株HN-2为本实验室分离得到的一株生防细菌,通过采用形态学观察结合现代分子生物学的手段鉴定生防菌HN-2为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis,以杧果炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz作为靶标,其发酵上清液的正丁醇萃取粗提物的活性最好,抑菌圈大小为20.93 mm,半最大效应浓度（EC₅₀）为70.62 μg/mL。通过飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）数据结合基因检测的结果分析发现,正丁醇提取物中主要活性成分为脂肽类物质,其中含有表面活性素（surfactin）、伊枯草菌素（iturins）和泛革素（fengycin）等。通过显微观察发现正丁醇粗提物可以造成杧果炭疽病菌菌丝扭曲、膨大、畸形,从而抑制杧果炭疽病菌的生长,菌株HN-2正丁醇提取物处理后的杧果15 d内未出现杧果炭疽病病状,对杧果果实具有较好的保护作用。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌HN-2的主要活性物质为脂肽类物质,其对植物病原真菌有较好的防治效果,具有进一步深入研究和开发应用的潜力。     

外施γ-聚谷氨酸对蚜虫胁迫辣椒叶片叶绿素和两种氧化还原酶的分析

为探索新型无公害抗蚜方法,测试了外源施入γ-聚谷氨酸高分子聚合物的盆栽辣椒植株叶片在蚜虫胁迫后叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化。外施γ-聚谷氨酸的植株叶片叶绿素a和b的含量在受胁迫后随时间增加其下降趋势较对照降低;过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶在蚜虫胁迫期间的活性较对照高。表明了外施γ-聚谷氨酸的辣椒植株叶片能够缓解由蚜虫胁迫导致的叶绿素降低的趋势并增强过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性。     

线椒新品种湘辣18号的选育

湘辣18号是以R1030A为母本,R06-118-1-1为父本配制而成的杂交一代早熟线椒品种,第一开花节位8节;植株直立性好,果实线形,浅绿色;顺直光亮,平均果长27 cm,平均果宽1.6 cm,肉厚0.1 cm,平均单果质量16 g;耐低温弱光能力强,抗疫病与细菌性斑点病能力好,适合早春大棚栽培或早中熟露地丰产栽培。     

花生幼叶丛生芽成苗高频再生体系的建立

以花生品种豫花14号4 d苗龄的幼叶诱导的丛生芽为研究对象,对丛生芽的伸长和植株再生进行了研究。分别将丛生芽继代到4种不同的培养基上促进芽伸长,其中,以继代培养基MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L+AgNO32 mg/L植株再生率最高。当丛生芽长至3 cm左右时,移入生根培养基诱导生根,获得完整的再生植株。     

Taqman探针实时定量PCR检测猪伪狂犬病毒

选取猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)基因组中gE基因,设计特异性引物和Taqman探针,利用实时定量PCR来定量检测PRV.利用PCR技术扩增猪伪狂犬病毒gE基因80 bp片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上,阳性重组质粒命名为pgE80.pgE80质粒进行10倍系列稀释,作为荧光PCR检测的标准模板,定量拷贝数,并绘制标准曲线.以提取的PRV、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合症病毒(PRRSV)和传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)的DNA作为模板,进行特异性检测.该实时定量PCR方法,标准曲线斜率为-0.37,R2=0.992,可以检测到20个拷贝数.PRV能被扩增出S型荧光曲线,而其它病毒均未能扩出.用PRV强毒肌肉注射仔猪,定量PCR比普通PCR更能灵敏而特异地检出呼吸道排毒和血液带毒.建立的实时定量PCR方法可用于临床样品快捷、准确、方便地检测.     

共固定化双酶水解芝麻粕蛋白制备复合氨基酸研究

以海藻酸钠为载体、戊二醛为交联剂共固定化木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶,选择合适的固定化工艺,研究水解芝麻粕蛋白的优化条件和共固定化双酶的稳定性。结果表明：共固定化双酶的最佳条件为海藻酸钠3 g.dL^-1,戊二醛25 g.L^-1,氯化钙0.2 g.dL^-1,酶活力回收率为51.28%;水解芝麻蛋白的最佳条件为固液比1：25,pH 6.0,温度60℃,时间7 h,加酶量5 g.dL^-1,氨基氮含量最高为20.65 m g.g^-1,共固定化酶重复使用6次,酶活力仍保持50%以上。