甘蓝型与白菜型冬油菜杂交F1代植物学性状及自交亲和性分析

通过甘蓝型冬油菜与北方白菜型冬油菜及其正反交杂种F₁植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性的比较,分析杂种抗寒性,植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性的变化.选择白菜型冬油菜陇油9号与甘蓝型冬油菜Vision组配的(陇油9号×Vision),(Vision×陇油9号)甘白杂交正反交组合,通过亲本与杂种形态比较,越冬率统计,套袋自交以及花粉-柱头互作等,对杂种抗寒性,植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性作出评价.陇油9号与Vision杂交,杂种F₁植物学形态,干物质积累特性为中间型,生长习性和生长点下凹程度均偏白菜型.F₁正,反交越冬率分别为68.75%和65.00%,根长为14.83和14.30 cm,根颈直径为6.08 和5.67 mm.自交亲和性为:Vision>F₁ (Vision×陇油9号)>F₁ (陇油9号×Vision)>陇油9号,其相应的自交亲和指数为20.83,1.09,1.06,0.87;杂种及其亲本的自交亲和性的大小与其花粉在柱头上的萌发数量与萌发速度相一致.陇油9号与Vision杂交,杂种F₁抗寒性强于甘蓝型冬油菜,但较白菜型冬油菜弱.同时,白菜型冬油菜与甘蓝型冬油菜杂交,杂种F₁代自交亲和,但杂种的自交亲和程度远远低于甘蓝型冬油菜,而且F₁杂种的自交亲和性因杂交组合方式而有差异.     

维生素A辅助治疗鸡慢性呼吸道病的药理作用

采用人工感染诱发鸡慢性呼吸道病建立病理模型,在对因治疗选择泰乐菌素的基础上,联合运用不同剂量的维生素A作为辅助治疗,以肺组织病理变化及肺组织中SP-A表达量为指标,探讨维生素A辅助治疗鸡试验性慢性呼吸道病的药理作用.结果显示,与健康对照组比较,模型组肺组织损伤程度明显加重;SP-A阳性细胞数量显著减少,阳性细胞平均灰密度值显著升高(P＜0.05);药物治疗后,各治疗组肺组织损伤都有不同程度减轻,以维生素A中、高剂量组改善最为明显(P＜0.01);各治疗组SP-A阳性细胞数量显著增加(P＜0.01),阳性细胞平均灰密度值有不同程度降低,以维生素A低、中剂量组降低最为明显(P＜0.01).结果表明,维生素A可以通过保护肺组织上皮细胞的结构和功能、促进肺组织SP-A合成与分泌、加速肺受损组织修复,对慢性呼吸道病起到良好的辅助治疗效果,并以剂量为1 200 IU/kg饲料效果最佳.     

Improvement of Fertility in Artificially Inseminated Ewes Following Vaginal Treatment with Misoprostol Plus Terbutaline Sulphate

The effect of vaginal administration of misoprostol plus terbutaline sulphate 6 h prior to artificial insemination (AI) upon the site of AI (vaginal or cervical) and fertility was studied using a total of 87 estrous synchronized Serra da Estrela ewes (control n = 42 and treated n = 45). Artificial insemination was performed using refrigerated semen at 54–55 h after sponge removal. Lambing rate (fertility) and prolificacy were compared between control and treated ewes. The effect of the site of semen deposition on fertility was also evaluated. Prolificacy rate was not different between control (1.5) and treated (1.59) ewes. The proportion of cervical AI achieved in control (45.2%) and treated (37.8%) ewes was not significantly different. Overall, fertility was significantly lower in control than in treated ewes (42.9% vs 64.4%; p < 0.04). Fertility following vaginal AI was significantly lower for control for than treated ewes (30.4% vs 60.7%; p < 0.03) but the difference was smaller and not significant for cervical AI (control 57.9% vs 70.6%). It was concluded that vaginal administration of misoprostol plus terbutaline sulphate 6 h prior to artificial insemination did not affect the proportion of cervical inseminations but significantly improved the fertility of treated ewes. Although needing confirmation, it was hypothesized that drugs might have induced local secretory modifications leading to an increase of cervical ability to retain more viable spermatozoa for fertilization.     

梓树露地与大棚播种育苗效果比较

为比较梓树露地播种育苗与大棚播种育苗的育苗效果,研究了不同播种方式对梓树播种后种子破土时间、出苗时间、出苗率以及梓树植株性状的影响。结果表明:与露地播种育苗相比,大棚播种育苗出苗时间可提前20d左右,出苗率高出7%,幼苗植株高度高出57.2%,基茎高出35.7%,叶片数高出75.8%,而且大棚内梓树幼苗叶片较大。     

香薷的重金属耐性与吸收性研究

采用温室土培盆栽试验和水培试验方法,研究了重金属复合污染条件下香薷的Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb耐性和吸收性.结果表明,土培试验中,各重金属处理条件未对香薷造成毒害,香薷均生长良好,且各处理间生物量无显著差异;香薷地上部Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb浓度最高分别为12.1、100、0.83、11.3 mg/kg.水培试验条件下,Cu 50 μmol/L、Zn 200 μmol/L+Cd 10 μmol/L及Pb 100 μmol/L处理时香薷均生长良好,且生物量与对照均无显著差异,根部Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb浓度最高为2 270、1 648、1 029、25 331 mg/kg; Cu 100 μmol/L处理时香薷生物量显著低于对照,但并未死亡,该处理下香薷叶片丙二醛、还原型谷胱甘肽、可溶性糖浓度均显著高于对照.两组试验表明,香薷对Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb有极强的耐性,是一种良好的可栽种于重金属污染土壤的经济作物.     

田间条件下控制玉米开花前后根系性状的QTL定位

在田间原位条件下,利用根系形态差异显著的自交系掖478和武312为亲本构建的BC4F3群体,采用改进的PLABQTL软件中的复合区间作图法对抽雄期（开花前10 d）和灌浆初期（开花后15 d）玉米根系性状的变化和地上部生物量进行QTL定位。并分析其遗传机制。结果表明,花前花后对根干重、总根长、侧根长、轴根长、轴根数等根系性状共检测出27个QTL,单个QTL贡献率为52%157%,其中在染色体臂602和1004区域同时检测到控制着地上部生物量、总根长、侧根长和轴根数等性状的QTLs,两个不同生育时期检测到的共同QTL共有8个。玉米花前花后控制根系生长的QTL因生长发育阶段不同而存在着特异性,而且对地上部生物量形成有重要贡献,这为了解田间条件下根系的生长发育和进一步进行遗传改良奠定了遗传基础。     

牛粪中磷释放运移特征

采用取样分析和室内土柱模拟的方法,研究牛粪中磷在水、0.5mol/LNaHCO3和土体中的释放运移特点。研究结果表明,牛粪经H2O和NaHCO3分别提取后,H2O提取液中总磷(Pt)占全磷(TP)质量分数的31.54%,NaHCO3提取液中Pt占TP质量分数的64.74%;不同牛粪施用量处理土柱淋溶液中水溶性总磷(TDP)、水溶性无机磷(DRP)和水溶性有机磷(DOP)质量浓度均随着淋溶次数的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势;同一淋溶次数,随着牛粪施用量的增加,淋溶液中TDP、DRP和DOP质量浓度增加;在前6次淋溶液中,同一处理、同一次淋溶液中DOP质量浓度明显高于DRP质量浓度。土壤大量施用牛粪(30t/hm2以上),增加0-30cm土体中土壤全磷(TP)和0-60cm土体中土壤速效磷(Olsen-P)的质量分数。     

基于3S技术的河北省山区植被净初级生产力估算及空间格局研究

植被净初级生产力是国际地圈—生物圈计划（IGBP）、全球变化与陆地生态系统（GCTE）以及京都协定的核心研究内容之一。以GIS为主要技术手段,借助CASA模型计算出河北省山区NPP,分析了山区NPP的空间格局,并对森林、草原的NPP分布情况进行了统计分析,对引起这种变化的主要因子进行了初步探讨,评价分析模型的不确定性。结果表明:（1）河北省山区2012年植被NPP总量为24 746.51 kt/a,平均值为744.1 g/（m²·a）;从整体上看,植被NPP主要分布在境内燕山山脉,太行山山脉呈带状分布,其它地区零星分布。（2）河北省山区NPP值差异显著,由森林、草原、灌丛依次递减。（3）NPP空间分布与气温和降水的空间分布有一定的相关性。研究结果为河北省山区生态系统结构功能协调性、生态承载力、生态服务功能等后续研究奠定基础,为山区社会经济和生态环境可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Adsorption of emerging sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) onto soils: Kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms

The widespread use of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate(OBS), a typical alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate, has resulted in potential threats to the environment, but the adsorption behavior of OBS in soils has not yet been reported. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of OBS on five soils with different physicochemical properties were investigated. The rate of OBS adsorption was fast, and most of the OBS uptake was completed within 12 h. The good model fit of OBS adsorption to the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicated the occurrence of chemical adsorption. The adsorption isotherms of OBS on the soils were better described by the Freundlich model than by the Langmuir model, suggesting that the OBS adsorption sites on the soils were heterogeneous. This is possibly associated with various adsorption mechanisms including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions,further confirmed by the good model fit to the D-R isotherm. Adsorption of OBS occurred on the soils, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the soils were more suitable for OBS adsorption at lower pH values due to the stronger electrostatic adsorption. The OBS adsorption on the soils decreased with the increase of soil depth from 0 to 30 cm. Moreover, the presence of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the soils was favorable for OBS adsorption, and these parameters decreased with increasing soil depth, making OBS adsorption less prominent in the deeper soil. This study indicates that OBS is easily enriched in surface soils, and that soil organic matter and ammonia nitrogen significantly affect OBS migration in soil.     

玉米根系形态对光照、氮水平反应的基因型差异

用溶液培养的方法 ,研究了光照、以及氮水平对不同氮效率玉米自交系根系形态养分吸收的影响 ,研究结果表明 ,提高光照水平有助于光合产物向根系分配 ,表现为总根长、根体积、根系重量等显著增加。在不同光照水平低氮胁迫时 ,氮低效品种白瓷与其它三个品种相比 ,根系的形态指标均有不同程度的降低。在高光强 ,0 .4 mmol/ L氮水平胁迫时 ,与氮高效品种 4 78相比 ,根系体积减少 2 7.54% ,根干重减少 2 1.2 4 % ,并降低了根系的吸收效率 ,同时也表明 ,光照与氮水平对光合产物的分配具有耦合效应