数学模型模拟方法分析土壤水分变化过程

利用数学模型模拟的方法分析土壤水运移过程 ,用以评价土壤 -作物 -大气循环系统的交互作用和作物需水、耗水规律。本项研究以松嫩平原典型黑土区海伦站为试验基地 ,以 1995、1997和 1999(平水年、丰水年和枯水年 )三个典型年份为样本 ,建立了土壤属性数据库、作物生长参数数据库和气象数据库。模拟了土壤水分的变化过程 ,取得了较好的结果。     

30年生不同生长势杉木的胸径和树高的生长动态

采用树干解析法获取3种不同生长势（优势木、中庸木、被压木）杉木的胸径、树高生长数据,利用ForStat的生长曲线模拟杉木的胸径模型和树高模型,结果表明,Richards生长曲线是分析杉木胸径和树高的适宜生长曲线;3种不同生长势的杉木胸径生长曲线和树高生长曲线均呈“S”状曲线,有较高的相关性。     

Detection and Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae Avirulence Genes AVR-Pib,AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t in Heilongjiang Province

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution and variation mechanism of avirulence genes AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t in Magnaporthe oryzae strains from different regions and years in Heilongjiang Province, to understand the pathogenic phenotypes of different avirulence gene alleles, and to provide a reference for utilization and distribution of resistance cultivars in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】Based on the avirulence gene sequences published in NCBI, specific primers were designed to amplify full length and the coding sequence (CDS) regions of three genes, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, 335 M. oryzae strains in different regions of Heilongjiang Province were collected and isolated, and their DNA was PCR-amplified using avirulence genes primers and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products with different band patterns and from representative strains of different regions were selected for sequencing. The sequencing results were compared with the corresponding avirulence gene sequences for base and amino acid. The pathogenic phenotype of M. oryzae strains with different variant types was determined based on the rice resistance to single-gene lines.【Result】The specific bands of AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t were detected in PCR detection and appeared in different distribution frequencies and mutation types, indicating that these 3 avirulence genes were all distributed in Heilongjiang Province. The average amplification frequency of the 3 avirulence genes was 75.52%, 87.16% and 85.67%, respectively. Among them, 4 types of band (bandless, high band, mid to high band and low band) of AVR-Pib were detected by electrophoresis analysis and 5 variant types AVR-Pib (1-1, 1-2, 2, 3, 3-1) were detected by PCR product sequencing. The genotypes AVR-Pib-1-1, AVR-Pib-1-2, AVR-Pib-2 and AVR-Pib-3-1 are newly discovered variant types, of which genotypes AVR-Pib-1-1 and AVR-Pib-1-2 are insertions of transposon Pot2 but with different insertion sites. The genotype AVR-Pib-2 has a small fragment insertion in the upstream of CDS region. The genotype AVR-Pib-3-1 base sequence has 4 differences from the original sequence, namely 32 (C/G) 35 (T/A) 36 (T/A) 38 (T/A), and the amino acid translation was terminated prematurely. Pathogenic analysis showed that except for the normal genotype AVR-Pib-3, the other alleles lost their avirulence functions. Seven AVR-Pik alleles (D, A, B, C, E, F, F2) were detected after PCR product sequencing, and the alterations in the nucleotide sequences of these alleles all resulted in amino acid missense mutations. The 7 AVR-Pik alleles have been reported previously. The avirulence gene AvrPiz-t was analyzed by electrophoresis and sequencing of PCR products, and 2 types of band (high band and normal band type) and 4 genotypes of AvrPiz-t (A, B, C, D) were revealed. Among them, AvrPiz-t-A is the original genotype, while AvrPiz-t-B has a base A insertion at position 191, causing premature termination of amino acid translation. Genotype AvrPiz-t-C is a newly discovered allelic type, characterized by the presence of a nucleotide variation at position 17 (T/C) and the insertion of base C at position 19 compared with type A, leading to the frameshift mutation and premature translation termination. The high band type avirulent genotype AvrPiz-t-D was sequenced and verified as having an insertion of the Pot3 transposon. Rice single-gene lines infection showed that the strains with AvrPiz-t-A were avirulent to Piz-t line due to Piz-t recognition, whereas the strains with AvrPiz-t (B, C, D) were virulent to Piz-t line due to lost the ability recognized by Piz-t.【Conclusion】The avirulence genes AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik and AvrPiz-t of M. oryzae in Heilongjiang Province are widely distributed and the types of variation are abundant. The results of this study can provide a reference for breeding and popularizing rice cultivars with corresponding disease-resistance genes.     

喷灌定额和灌水频次对冬小麦产量及品质的影响分析

为了解圆形喷灌机不同灌溉定额和灌水频次对冬小麦产量及籽粒品质的影响,于2014—2016年在北京市顺义区进行了水肥一体化大田试验,共设置3种灌水处理(W1、W2、W3),其中2014—2015年灌溉定额分别为135、112.5、90 mm,2015—2016年分别为154.5、132、109.5 mm。每种处理在冬小麦的返青-拔节、拔节-抽穗和抽穗-灌浆期土壤含水率分别达到田间持水量的70%、75%和75%时进行灌水。每个生育时期又按灌水定额设置为1次灌水(C1)和均分成2次灌水(C2),其中C2处理2次灌水时间间隔为9 d。试验结果表明,冬小麦拔节-抽穗期的阶段耗水量和日均耗水量均最大,W1处理产量最高。2015—2016年灌溉定额与灌水频次对水分利用效率的影响均不显著,但水分利用效率有随灌溉定额增加而降低的趋势,最大水分利用效率为W3处理的2.28 kg/m3。在W1和W2处理下,分2次灌水有利于提高冬小麦的穗数、产量和容重等指标,其中W1C2组合获得最高产量9 286.4 kg/hm2。灌溉定额与灌水频次组合对产量的效应中,灌溉定额起主导作用。建议北京地区冬小麦在圆形喷灌机条件下采用W1C2灌水方案,在返青-拔节、拔节-抽穗、抽穗-灌浆期分别灌水45、55.5、54 mm,且均分成2次灌水。     

30％已·乙水剂对玉米产量和茎秆质量的影响

30%已.乙水剂处理极显著缩短穗下部节间长度,降低了植株和果穗的重心,提高了子粒形成期和灌浆期穗下部节间单位长度干重,极显著提高穗下部节间折断时的最大载荷和径向的碾碎强度,增加了穗下各茎节的粗度,总体提高玉米茎的抗倒伏性能。同时,化控处理降低了空秆率和秃尖长,提高了行粒数和穗粒重,显著提高了产量,化控措施使玉米子粒产量与茎秆质量得到了协同改善。     

内蒙古白绒山羊经济性状与候选基因分析

以120只内蒙古白绒山羊为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP技术,选取编码羊毛纤维组成蛋白基因中KAP1.3和KAP6.1的部分序列作为候选基因,通过对其多态性的研究,探索将该基因作为候选基因来间接选择绒山羊经济性状的可行性.结果表明,应用分析软件中的单因素方差分析中,角蛋白辅助蛋白的多基因家族中的甘氨酸酪氨酸角蛋白辅助蛋白(KAP6.1)中,位点S2与产绒量有显著的相关性(P<0.05);多重比较发现S2住点的AA基因型和BB基因型与产绒量之间有显著的相关性(P<0.05);AB基因型和BB基因型的绒细度之间差异显著(P<0.05).     

胰岛素受体-1在尼罗罗非鱼不同组织中的表达及其对注射葡萄糖的响应

本试验旨在研究胰岛素受体-1(IR-1)在尼罗罗非鱼不同组织中的表达及其对注射葡萄糖的响应。利用PCR扩增的方法从尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中克隆IR-1的c DNA片段,并通过半定量PCR检测,比较IR-1在肌肉、肝脏和心脏中的表达差异。选取体重约为100 g的尼罗罗非鱼160尾,随机分2组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾。试验组腹腔注射葡萄糖(每100 g体重30 mg),对照组以相同剂量腹腔注射0.7%的无菌生理盐水。在注射前(0 h)和注射后的1、3、6和12 h分别进行采样,测定血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素含量,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测IR-1在肌肉、心脏和肝脏中的mRNA相对表达量。结果显示:1)克隆出的IR-1 c DNA片段,其Gen Bank登陆号为JN967750,大小为1 979 bp,编码548个氨基酸。序列分析发现,尼罗罗非鱼的IR-1与其他物种比较具有很高的保守性,并具有丰富的酪氨酸激酶特征性序列。2)IR-1在尼罗罗非鱼肌肉、心脏和肝脏中均有较高的表达量,其中在肝脏和肌肉中的表达量基本一致,而在心脏中的表达量相对较低。3)试验组血浆葡萄糖含量在注射葡萄糖1 h后达到最高,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),而后开始下降,3 h后恢复到正常水平;试验组血浆胰岛素含量在葡萄糖注射3 h后达到最高,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),而后开始下降,12 h后恢复到正常水平。试验组肌肉和肝脏中IR-1 mRNA的相对表达量在注射葡萄糖后6 h时达到最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05),在12 h时恢复到正常水平;试验组心脏中IR-1 mRNA的相对表达量在注射葡萄糖后的12 h内没有发生显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明,注射葡萄糖后即刻升高了尼罗罗非鱼的血浆葡萄糖含量,相对于血浆葡萄糖含量的升高,血浆胰岛素含量的升高相对延迟,而肌肉和肝脏中IR-1 mRNA相对表达量的提高又延迟于血浆胰岛素含量的升高,从而加重了尼罗罗非鱼对葡萄糖的代谢负担。     

基于支持向量机的教学质量评估研究

给出了基于LS-SVM的教学质量评估模型,先采用主成分分析对其影响因素作评价和预处理,然后构建LS-SVM模型,为了便于比较,同时利用单一的LS-SVM模型对教师教学质量进行模拟与预测,并在Matlab中实现。结果表明,基于主成分与LS-SVM的教学质量评估模型较单一的LS-SVM模型具有更加理想的精度,得到了满意的评估结果,具有广泛的适用性。     

5种微生态制剂对刺参幼参的生态安全性

研究了5种微生态制剂对刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参的生态安全性,包括耐受性、生长免疫和对养殖水体的调控。结果表明：幼参对5种微生态制剂耐受性的顺序为试剂五〉试剂一〉试剂四〉试剂三〉试剂二,其中幼参对试剂五的耐受性最大,幼参对试剂二耐受性远小于其它各组;5种微生态制剂对幼参特定生长率的影响差异不显著,但与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）,表明微生态制剂能促进刺参的生长,特定生长率为1～2%/d;5种微生态制剂均能提高幼参超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、溶菌酶（LSZ）及过氧化物酶（POD）的活性,其活性值均与对照组差异显著（除试剂一组0.5 mg/L和试剂三0.5μL/L的POD外）（P〈0.05）。对静水每24 h进行一次监测,结果表明：48 h时,DO〈4 mg/L,NO2--N含量在24 h达到最低,随后逐渐上升;各组的DO值随时间的延长逐步降低;对照组的NO2--N、NH4＋-N含量随时间的延长逐步升高。在充气条件下每隔5 d进行一次监测,结果表明：第20天时,试剂一组和试剂四组的NH4＋-N含量〉0.02 mg/L,显著高于其它组（P〈0.05）,试剂四组和对照组的NO2--N含量显著高于其它组（P〈0.05）;第20天之前,各组NO2--N、NH4＋-N含量（NH4＋-N组15 d除外）的差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

漾濞泡核桃ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

以漾濞泡核桃优株为研究对象,研究其ISSR-PCR反应体系中的5个影响因子(模板DNA浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、Mg2+浓度)对PCR扩增效果的影响,从而建立起漾濞泡核桃的最佳ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明:模板DNA最佳浓度为50 ng/(25μL),Taq聚合酶浓度为0.75U/(25μL),引物浓度为0.7mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为0.20mmol/L,Mg2+浓度为2.0mmol/L,利用该最佳体系对试验中所选取的样本进行扩增反应。建立了适宜于漾濞泡核桃的ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳体系,该体系的建立为利用ISSR分子标记技术对漾濞泡核桃进行种质资源研究奠定了基础。