嗜热厌氧纤维素降解菌对纤维素的粘附及其酶活性研究

本项研究表明，嗜热厌氧纤维素降解细菌Clostridium sp.EVA1在降解纤维素的过程中，菌体对不溶性纤维素底物具有强烈的粘附作用。在透明圈中参与纤维素降解的菌体周围具有波纹状突起结构，并且菌体与纤维素的粘附位点是一个电子致密区域。该菌株产生的纤维素酶是与细胞相连的胞外酶，培养液中无纤维素酶活性。以脱脂棉花为碳源培养产生的纤维素酶活性最大。该菌株纤维素酶在70℃下具有最大的酶活性。     

应用PCR法检测禽源生物制品中禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒

为了快速、准确检测禽源生物制品中的禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒,根据GenBank中登录的REV参考毒株LTR基因序列,利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计合成了1对特异性引物,其扩增产物长度为314 bp,建立了PCR法,其特异性和敏感性较好。经与间接免疫荧光法进行同步比较试验,发现结果吻合性较高,且PCR法的结果更为直观,易于判断,样品保存方便,重检也方便,当日即可完成,显示出了较好的可行性。     

猪圆环病毒2型的分离鉴定及全基因组克隆和序列分析

通过PCR方法对采自四川省某规模化猪场一批疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征病例的肺脏、淋巴结进行PCV-2的抗原检测,并将检测结果为阳性的对应组织研磨、过滤除菌后接种无PCV-1污染的PK-15细胞,盲传15代后,IFA方法检测出有明显的特异性荧光,将该毒株命名为PCV-2-SC株,并对PCV-2-SC病毒基因组全长进行扩增及克隆、测序与比对分析.测序结果显示该病毒基因组全长1 767 bp,分离株与国内外参考毒株核苷酸序列相似性在95.2％～99.5％之间,进化树分析表明,PCV-2分离毒株在进化上存在地域相关性.PCV-2四川株的分离鉴定为其诊断试剂的研制及检测方法的建立奠定了基础.     

Establishment and Identification of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus by Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization

Exploitation of novel cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is a main approach for widening the cytoplasmic genetic background of hybrid oilseed rape and avoiding epidemic risk in oilseed rape production.In this study,symmetric somatic hybrids between Brassicanapus var.Zhongshuang4 and Sinapis arvensis(Yeyou18)were produced by protoplast fusion.Two of the six established hybrids were male sterile showing trace or no pollen release upon flowering with non-or slightly extended stamens.Using Zhongshuang4 as a recurrent parent to pollinate the male sterile plants,the ratio of male sterile plants increased with the number of backcrosses.As early as in BC3 generation,most of the sterile families had nearly 100%sterile plants.Up to BC4 generation,the male sterility became stable and no fertility segregation was observed.All F1 progenies from tested crosses using restorer and maintainer lines of Polima CMS were 100%sterile,indicating that the established CMS by somatic hybridization is different from Polima CMS.The origin of the cytoplasm and potential use of this hovel CMS in oilseed rape breeding were discussed.Key wotds:Oilseed rape,Protoplast fusion,Cytoplasmic male sterility,Sinapis arvensis     

黔东南苗族侗族自治州生态可持续性的评价

结合生态足迹模型的概念和方法,对黔东南苗族侗族自治州2003～2006四年的生态足迹进行了计算,该州2003～2006年的人均生态足迹为1.2005hm2、1.2249hm2、1.2268hm2和1.3226hm2,人均生态赤字为0.3326hm2、0.4873hm2、0.4852hm2和0.5660hm2,说明该州的生态赤字呈逐年上升的趋势,该州的社会经济发展模式处于不可持续的状态。但与贵州省、全国相比较,黔东南自治州在贵州省乃至于全国范围内仍属可持续发展的地区。在此评价的基础上,提出了在黔东南苗族侗族自治州实现生态可持续发展的方法和措施。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

水资源配置研究热点与展望

概述了水资源配置的内涵及意义,在总结国内外水资源配置的基础上,指出其研究热点和主要研究方向。同时根据国家21世纪的治水方针,并综合考虑我国水资源开发利用与管理中出现的新情况与新问题,以及国际气候环境变化和水资源管理技术的发展,展望了我国水资源配置的发展方向。     

梯级水库群长期优化调度的逐次优

梯级水库群长期优化调度问题是一个典型的高度非线性、多维、多时段的优化问题。针对问题特点,提出了一种逐次优化和遗传算法相结合方法。首先将多阶段优化问题转化为多个两阶段优化问题,然后采用遗传算法求解每个两阶段优化问题。将该方法应用于大渡河4个梯级水库水电站长期优化调度,结果表明,该方法占用计算机内存少,效率高,收敛速度快,是一种有效的求解水库群优化调度模型的方法。     

微波辅助萃取法提取家蚕幼虫总黄酮的工艺研究

采用微波辅助萃取法对家蚕幼虫中的总黄酮进行提取,以芦丁为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定家蚕幼虫中总黄酮的含量,以总黄酮的含量为考察指标,考察微波功率、微波时间、微波温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对总黄酮提取量的影响,在单因素的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验设计优化家蚕幼虫中总黄酮的提取工艺.结果表明,微波辅助萃取法提取家蚕幼虫总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数40%、提取时间20 min、料液比1∶15和提取温度80℃.     

猪DKK2基因的多态性与母猪产仔数性状的关联分析

母猪的繁殖性状是猪重要经济性状之一,但由于其遗传力低,导致母猪繁殖性状常规选择进展缓慢。通过SANGER测序的方法检测DKK2基因内SNP位点,并与产仔数性状进行关联分析。结果表明,在DKK2基因第二内含子存在一个新SNP位点,根据SNP命名方法将其命名为8:g.114967878A>G,且该SNP位点与产活仔数性状显著相关。猪DKK2基因的新SNP位点8:g.114967878A>G对猪的产活仔数性状存在潜在的调控作用。