寒地水稻鞘腐病发生规律及防治技术研究

水稻鞘腐病主要危害水稻植株的剑叶鞘部位，进而影响营养物质的产生和积累。黑龙江省该病病原菌优势种为禾谷镰刀菌。本文报道了该病菌的生物学特性及发病规律，并提出了较为有效的防治方法。     

沙门氏菌常见H抗原特异相的PCR快速检测

运用PCR技术检测沙门氏菌常见的H抗原特异相,甲型副伤寒、猪霍乱、鼠伤寒等常见危害人和动物的沙门氏菌因H抗原差异而分别获得特异性扩增。此技术具有快速简便、敏感性高和特异性强等优点,值得在对常见危害人和动物的沙门氏菌的快速检测中推广应用。     

W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理

[目的]对W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理进行研究,为实现W-OH固结改良砒砂岩及其耐久性研究提供科学依据。[方法]采用W-OH(亲水性聚氨酯材料)对砒砂岩进行固结处理,基于无侧限抗压试验、三轴抗压试验,研究其在干湿循环条件下的力学性能,并结合SEM,EDS和称重法对其干湿循环后样品微观结构、元素和质量损失进行分析,以获得其破坏机理。[结果]W-OH砒砂岩固结体的无侧限抗压强度、弹性模量和黏聚力在1～3次干湿循环后升高;在3～9次干湿循环后,固结体的力学强度降低;9次之后,剩下高黏结力的W-OH胶结体包裹于砒砂岩颗粒表面,力学强度趋于稳定。内摩擦角在1～9次干湿循环后上下波动,9次干湿循环后趋于稳定。采用碳元素分析和质量损失分析相结合的方法对土样中W-OH流失特性进行评价,发现土样在1～9次干湿循环中W-OH胶结体逐渐降低,并在9次干湿循环后达到稳定,这与上述宏观力学变化的规律相似,验证了破坏机理,为判断其长期特性提供理论依据。[结论]研究表明可将9次干湿循环后达到稳定的W-OH砒砂岩固结体的力学性质作为土体的长期力学特性。     

补喂复合益生菌对3～6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响

试验旨在研究补喂复合益生菌对3～6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、VFA浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响。选取体重相近(90.23kg±11.02kg)、健康状况良好的3月龄伊犁马哺乳马驹10匹,随机分为2组,每组5匹,分别为对照组和试验组。在分阶段补喂等量营养水平的精料补充料和苜蓿干草的基础上,试验组每匹马驹每天补喂0.075g(2×10¹¹ CFU/g)枯草芽孢杆菌和0.133g(3×10¹⁰ CFU/g)植物乳杆菌复合菌,进行为期90d的饲养试验。结果显示,补喂复合益生菌能够显著或极显著降低马驹粪便中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和淀粉的含量(P<0.05;P<0.01),分别比对照组低3.50%和11.32%;显著或极显著提高马驹粪便中乙酸和丙酸的浓度(P<0.05;P<0.01),分别比对照组高14.65%和64.29%;极显著提高血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平(P<0.01),比对照组高16.17%。由此可见,补喂复合益生菌能够降低马驹粪便中纤维的含量、提高挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度,增加3～6月龄伊犁马血浆细胞因子水平。     

影响农民使用农药行为的因素探析——以山东寿光市田苑果菜有限公司为例

山东省寿光市的无公害蔬菜生产,要求农民使用低毒、低残留农药.该研究以寿光市田苑果菜有限公司农户使用农药的行为为例,来分析影响农民使用农药行为的因素.研究发现,农民使用农药行为的转变,不是某种单一因素作用的结果,而是政府、企业、蔬菜质量安全回溯制度、媒体宣传等多种因素综合作用的结果.对影响农民使用农药行为因素的阐明,对于...     

湖北省倒春寒发生程度评估模型

选取湖北省9个代表站历史倒春寒灾害序列资料,分析1951-2010年倒春寒过程中最大降温幅度、最低日平均气温、持续天数变化的特征,结合主成分分析法构建倒春寒评估模型,探讨湖北省倒春寒发生影响程度。结果表明：60a来,湖北3月倒春寒发生频次总体呈下降趋势,4月倒春寒频次以20世纪60、70年代最多,80、90年代明显下降,而2000-2010年又有所增加;倒春寒发生过程中,平均最大降温幅度的年代际间变化不大,但3月最大降温幅度大于4月;3、4月倒春寒过程最低日平均气温按年代比较显示,在2000-2010年有所降低,但不明显;1951-2010年,倒春寒持续天数平均为4.1d,呈不显著的下降趋势。运用评估模型对2010年4月12-15日的倒春寒过程评估表明,9个代表站中5站为中度倒春寒,4站为轻度倒春寒。     

Key Factors Affecting Reproductive Success of Thoroughbred Mares and Stallions on a Commercial Stud Farm

To evaluate factors contributing to fertility of thoroughbred mares, data from 3743 oestrous periods of 2385 mares were collected on a large thoroughbred farm in Ireland. Fourteen stallions (mean age 8.3 years; range 4–15 years) had bred 2385 mares (mean age 9.4 years; range 3–24 years). Maiden mares accounted for 12%, mares with a foal at foot for 64%, and barren, slipped or rested mares for 24% of the total. The mean pregnancy rate per cycle was 67.8% (68.6% in year 1 and 66.9% in year 2). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop two models to evaluate mare factors, including mare age, reproductive status, month of foaling, dystocia, month of cover, foal heat, cycle number, treatments, walk‐in status and stallion factors including stallion identity, stallion age, shuttle status, time elapsed between covers and high stallion usage on the per cycle pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss. Old age (p < 0.001) and cover within 20 days post‐partum (p < 0.003) were associated with lowered pregnancy rates. High mare age (p < 0.05) and barren, slipped or rested reproductive status (p = 0.05) increased the likelihood of pregnancy loss. Uterine inflammation or infection, if appropriately treated, did not affect fertility. Only high usage of stallions (used more than 21 times in previous week) was associated with lowered (p = 0.009) pregnancy rates. However, shuttle stallions were more likely to have increased (p = 0.035) pregnancy survival, perhaps reflecting a bias in stallion selection. In conclusion, mare age exerted the greatest influence on fertility; nonetheless, thoroughbreds can be effectively managed to achieve high reproductive performance in a commercial setting.     

Expression Analysis of THBS3 Gene in Different Tissues and Skeletal Muscles at Different Periods from Landrace and Tongcheng Pigs

To study the expression pattern of THBS3 gene in different tissues and during skeletal muscle development, the THBS3 gene expression in different tissues and skeletal muscles during prenatal periods (33, 45, 65, 70 and 90 d) and postnatal periods (0, 9, 30, 60, 120 and 160 d) from Landrace and Tongcheng pigs were detected by Real-time quantification PCR.The results showed that THBS3 gene widely expressed in all tissues examined, exhibiting similar spatial expression patterns with expression peaks in lung in both pig breeds except in stomach and intestine.Moreover, although THBS3 gene showed a significant higher expression level in gestation than after birth in Landrace and Tongcheng pigs (P<0.05), it exhibited different expression patterns between Landrace and Tongcheng pigs, the expression peak was detected at gestation day 45 in Landrace pig, while was detected at gestation day 65 in Tongcheng pig.The results suggested that THBS3 gene involved in skeletal muscle growth and development in pigs, as well as the regulation of asynchronization of skeletal muscle development in different pig breeds.     

日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用80只平均体重为(780±50)g的35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔,随机分成4组(每组20个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照)、0.1、0.5和2.5 mg/kg碘的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮碘添加水平对平均日增重(ADG)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.1和0.5 mg/kg组的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的F/G显著低于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清常规生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的IgA含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量无显著影响(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),随着碘添加水平的增加,T3含量先升高后降低,当碘添加量为0.5 mg/kg时T3含量达到最大值.日粮碘添加水平对血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,断奶至2月龄生长肉兔日粮中碘适宜添加量为0.5 mg/kg(基础日粮碘含量为0.22 mg/kg).     

陕西省几种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定动力学研究

采用平均法研究了陕西省4种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定的动力学性质，结果表明：（1）黄土性土壤不同土类钾吸附固定量、吸附固定速度及平衡时间差异很大，娄土粘化层和黑垆士埋藏腐殖质层的钾吸附固定量约为耕层的2倍，陕南黄褐土的钾吸附固定量仅次于娄土粘化层，黄绵土的钾吸附固定量最小；（2）供试土壤不同时段的钾吸附固定速度随时间的衰 减变化符合Vt=A Blnt模型，衰减速率因土类而异：（3）供试土壤钾吸附固定过程符合Elovich方程和一级扩散方程；（4）供试土壤钾吸附固定过程分为块、中、慢三个阶段或快、慢两个阶段，快技应约在40h完成，吸附固定钾量达总量的64%-93%，所用时间仅占总时间的12%-43%。