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排序方式: 共有242条查询结果,搜索用时 421 毫秒
61.
62.
Marsicano G Goodenough S Monory K Hermann H Eder M Cannich A Azad SC Cascio MG Gutiérrez SO van der Stelt M López-Rodriguez ML Casanova E Schütz G Zieglgänsberger W Di Marzo V Behl C Lutz B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5642):84-88
Abnormally high spiking activity can damage neurons. Signaling systems to protect neurons from the consequences of abnormal discharge activity have been postulated. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. In mutant mice,the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) induced excessive seizures in vivo. The threshold to KA-induced neuronal excitation in vitro was severely reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of mutants. KA administration rapidly raised hippocampal levels of anandamide and induced protective mechanisms in wild-type principal hippocampal neurons. These protective mechanisms could not be triggered in mutant mice. The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons. 相似文献
63.
Maria Luz George Ellen Regalado Marilyn Warburton Surinder Vasal David Hoisington 《Euphytica》2004,135(2):145-155
A major emphasis in maize breeding in Asian countries has been the improvement for resistance to downy mildew, a serious disease
that causes significant yield losses. A total of 102 inbred lines, including lines from Asian breeding programs, Mexico, USA
and Germany, were analyzed with 76 SSR markers to measure diversity and investigate the effect of selection for downy mildew
resistance. A mean polymorphism information content of 0.59, with a range of 0.14 to 0.83, was observed. Diversity at the
gene level showed an average of 5.4 alleles per locus and a range of two to 16 alleles per locus, with a total of 409 alleles.
About half of the alleles in the Asian lines had frequencies of 0.10 or less, and only 2% had frequencies > 0.80, indicating
the presence of many alleles, and thus a high level of diversity. Some of the high-frequency alleles were in chromosomal regions
associated with disease resistance. However, the frequencies of alleles in three SSR loci that are linked to a QTL for resistance
to downy mildews in Asia were not significantly different in the subtropical/tropical Asian lines as compared to all the lines
in the study. Lines from the US, Germany, and China, comprised three clusters of temperate maize(GS = 0.31), while those from
India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and CIMMYT comprised seven indistinct clusters of subtropical and subtropical
maize (GS = 0.29). We conclude that maize breeding activity in Asia has not caused a decline in the overall amount of diversity
in the region.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
64.
Catherine Dogimont Angelica Bussemakers Jérôme Martin Sofiane Slama Hervé Lecoq Michel Pitrat 《Euphytica》1997,96(3):391-395
The genetic control of resistance to cucurbit aphid-borne yellows luteovirus (CABYV) in Cucumis melo L. was studied in three
progenies obtained from the cross between a resistant Indian line, PI 124112, and a susceptible cultivar of Charentais type,
Védrantais. An F2 progeny and recombinant inbred lines were screened respectively in 1993 and 1995 under natural infection
conditions in open field at Montfavet, France whereas the back cross (PI 124112 × F1) was inoculated by viruliferous Myzus
persicae in controlled conditions. ELISA was used for assessing degree of virus multiplication in the plants resistance. In
the three trials performed, segregation analysis were consistent with the hypothesis that the resistance to CABYV in PI 124112
is conferred by two independent complementary recessive genes, for which the symbols cab-1 and cab-2T are proposed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
65.
Kuzumitsu Matsumoto Milena Luz Barbosa Luiz Augusto Copati Souza João Batista Teixeira 《Euphytica》1995,84(1):67-71
Summary The selection of tolerant variants to race 1 fusarium wilt of banana was carried out through the effects of fusaric acid onin vitro banana multiple bud clumps (MBCs). The MBCs of Maçã cultivar (Musa sp., AAB, Silk), which is susceptible to the race 1 fusarium wilt, were used. And, Nanicão cultivar (AAA, Cavendish subgroup) was used in the tolerant tests as control of a disease tolerant variety. Firstly, to aim at determining an appropriate concentration of the toxin for the tolerant selection, the MBCs were cultured on the Modified Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 0.05 to 1.6 mM fusaric acid. The growth on both cultivars was completely inhibited on the medium containing 0.1 mM fusaric acid.Tolerant variants of Maçã were, then, selected with 0.1 mM fusaric acid after chemical mutagen treatment. The results showed an increased tolerance of the selected Maçã plants to the race 1 fungus in greenhouse tests.
In vitro selection by fusaric acid is a very useful method for obtaining fusarium disease tolerance, although the tolerance mechanism of the selected plants may be different from that of existing tolerant cultivars. 相似文献
66.
Phosphorus (P) nutrition has been suggested to play a role in the alleviation of manganese (Mn) toxicity in some higher plant species. However, there are few reports on the role of P in regulating Mn accumulation by forage species. We studied the effect of P nutrition on Mn toxicity in Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. An increase in Mn concentration in root and shoot tissues was associated with an increase in both P supply and P tissue concentrations. Nevertheless, in both forage species, especially white clover, plant‐growth inhibition caused by Mn excess was decreased with increasing P additions. Moreover, the carboxylate exudation that had increased in response to high Mn was gradually reduced by increasing P supply. We suggest that P supply may have a beneficial effect in reducing the severity of Mn toxicity in forage species. 相似文献
67.
68.
Pelayo Acevedo Miguel Ángel Farfán Ana Luz Márquez Miguel Delibes-Mateos Raimundo Real Juan Mario Vargas 《Landscape Ecology》2011,26(1):19-31
In recent decades, Mediterranean landscapes have been experiencing more rapid changes in land use than usual, which have affected
the ecology of the species inhabiting this biodiversity hotspot. Some studies have assessed the effect of such changes on
biodiversity, but most of these were diachronic studies of population dynamics, or synchronic studies of species habitat selection,
whereas few studies have simultaneously taken into account temporal changes in habitat composition and changes in species
distribution. This study analysed the effects of land-use changes on the distribution of wild ungulates (Capreolus capreolus, Capra pyrenaica, Cervus elaphus and Sus scrofa). Using favourability function and Markov chain analysis combined with cellular automata, we addressed the following objectives:
(i) to examine the environmental determinants of ungulate distribution in the past (1960s) and present (1990s), (ii) to model
land use for 2040 to forecast future species distributions and (iii) to assess the biogeographical differences between the
above-mentioned study periods (past–present and present–future). Species favourability was predicted to be more widely distributed
in the present than in the past, but this increase varied across species. Areas predicted to be favourable in the present
should remain stable in the future, but in addition there will be more new favourable areas not previously occupied by these
species. The results are discussed from the perspective of the socio-economic relevance of wild ungulates in relation to some
unfavourable areas of Mediterranean regions. 相似文献
69.
Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, characterized by an accumulation of characteristic crystalloid-laden alveolar macrophages, was seen in 30/7,500 NMRI, 7/600 T x HT, 2/100 C57BL and in no cases of 1,500 CBA and 1,100 BALB/c mice. Histologically, there was a focal accumulation of large numbers of eosinophilic macrophages, generally associated with granulocytes. Macrophages could be mononucleate or multinucleate and had a crystalline cytoplasm. Free-lying crystals were sometimes observed. Ultrastructurally, macrophages had a cytoplasmic accumulation of needle-shaped and rhomboidal crystals, often showing a clear lattice structure with a repeat of 3-5 nm. The crystalloid inclusions may be derived from the breakdown products of granulocytes and appear similar to inclusions in macrophages in other parts of the hematopoietic system. That these inclusions are probably derived from eosinophils is based on the appearance within macrophages of structures resembling eosinophil granules at various stages of degradation and the similarity between the lattice repeat of the crystalloids and that of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. The crystalloid inclusions may be related to the Charcot-Leyden crystals found in human beings. 相似文献
70.
High diagnostic accuracy of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV delta total nucleated cells on effusions for feline infectious peritonitis
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