Identification, Chromosome Location, and Diagnostic Markers for a New Gene (YrCN19) for Resistance to Wheat Stripe Rust

ABSTRACT Several wheat lines and cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) originating from the southwestern region of China were found to be highly resistant to stripe rust by inoculation with the prevalent races (CYR30, CYR31, and CYR32) and newly emerged races (H46-4, SY11-4 and SY11-14) of the pathogen. An inheritance study of the resistance to stripe rust was carried out by crossing resistant AIM6 with susceptible BeiZ76. Results indicated that the resistance to stripe rust was controlled by a single dominant gene. The 112 F(2) plants chosen from the cross BeiZ76/ AIM6 were analyzed with 218 pairs of microsatellite primers to determine the map location of the resistance gene. A simple sequence repeat marker on chromosome arm 2BS, Xgwm410, showed polymorphism and co-segregation between stripe rust resistant and susceptible plants. From the pedigree, inheritance, molecular marker, and resistance response, it is concluded that the stripe rust resistance gene in wheat cv. Chuan-nong19 (CN19) and wheat lines AIM5 and AIM6 is a novel gene, designated YrCN19. The microsatellite primer Xgwm410 is a diagnostic marker of the resistance gene YrCN19, which has potential for application in the marker-assisted breeding of wheat.     

高三尖杉酯碱、血栓通与地塞米松联合对翼状胬肉成纤维细胞的抑制效果

用中药高三尖杉酯碱（Ｈｏｍｏｈａｒｒｉｎｇｔｏｎｉｎｅ）及血栓通（ＸｕｅＳｈｕａｎＴｏｎｇ）与地塞米松（Ｄｅｘａｍｅｔｈａｓｏｎｅ）联合应用，对体外培养的人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞抑制的结果表明：前两药的给药浓度分别在１０－６Ｍ／Ｌ及３ｇ／Ｌ时，抑制率为５０．４％及６４．３％，均有明显的抑制作用及相应的细胞形态学改变。当高三尖杉酯碱给药浓度为１０－４Ｍ／Ｌ时．其细胞增殖抑制率达９１．８％，镜下基本见不到正常细胞。而当两药分别与地塞米松联合应用时，呈现比单一药物应用时的药量减少而药效增强。     

先兆子痫及子痫并发HELLP综合征的诊断与治疗（附4例报告）

先兆子痫及子痫并发ＨＥＬＬＰ综合征的典型症状为上腹部疼痛、恶心、呕吐及出血倾向等，以溶血性贫血、红细胞压积降低、外周血涂片见到异形红细胞、肝酶及胆红素升高，血小板减少等为主要诊断依据。小剂量阿斯匹林和潘生丁联合应用以抗血小板凝聚和及时终止妊娠是最为有效的治疗手段。     

研究花芽体外分化的一种简易体系(简报)

体外开花的研究已取得一些重大进展,这些研究所采用的外植体不同,体外诱导花芽分化的难易、分化速度及分化细胞的起源都不同,其中细胞薄层培养以其外植体体积小,内源营养物质和生长物质含量少,对外界刺激反应敏感,易于分化成为研究花芽分化的理想体系。但此法的外植体是花梗上离体的表皮和表皮下的几层薄壁细胞,其与内部组织的联系隔     

荔枝叶瘿蚊的研究

荔枝叶瘿蚊(Mayetiola sp)是国内首次报导的荔枝新害虫。在广州一年发生6代,以幼虫在被害叶上越冬。蛹期11—14天,成虫寿命1—2天,卵期2—4天,幼虫期14—39天。越冬幼虫期可达240余天。成虫产卵于嫩叶背面,幼虫孵出后侵入叶肉并发育形成疱状突起的虫瘿,通常一叶多瘿。幼虫老熟后离瘿入土化蛹,大多数是被蛹,但也有围蛹。本文描述了各期虫态的形态特征。温湿度及荔枝品种对叶瘿蚊种群数量影响极大,“三月红”对其幼虫有高度的生理抗性。目前已发现5种瘿内幼虫的寄生蜂。每年春天,于越冬幼虫离瘿入土或成虫羽化出土前用辛硫磷进行土表施药,对压低第一代虫口密度效果显著;氧化乐果或喹硫磷、杀虫双、杀虫单、敌杀死等与敌百虫混合喷雾对卵及初孵幼虫均有明显的防效。     

贝斯莉斯克旗草引种栽培试验初报

斯莉斯克旗草引种栽培试验结果表明，该草适应性强、耐瘠、耐酸、耐旱、抗病虫害，终年保持青绿，生长速度快，产草量高，质量好。是一种优良牧草，具有推广利用前景。     

Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growth performance of broilers

(1) This in vivo trial was conducted to study the effects of polysaccharide extracts of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and a herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE) on growth performance, and the weights of organs and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. (2) Three extracts (LenE, TreE and AstE) were supplemented at inclusion rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg from 7 to 14 d of age and compared with an antibiotic treatment group (20 mg/kg, virginiamycin (VRG) as well as a group of non-supplemented birds. (3) Body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the extract-supplemented groups were not significantly different from those of the antibiotic group. Significant effects of type of extract and concentration on growth performance were found from 7 to 28 d of age. Generally, birds fed with LenE showed higher BW gain and lower FCR from 7 to 28 d of age than those fed with TreE and AstE and 2 g/kg LenE was considered the optimal inclusion rate for enhanced broiler growth. However, the extracts had no significant effect on the relative weights of organs and GIT compared with the antibiotic group. (4) The birds fed the extracts showed better growth performance than the non-supplemented birds, but were not significantly different from those fed VRG. Of the three extracts, LenE appeared to be a potential growth promoter. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the extracts can be used as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters in challenged birds, and to elucidate the mechanisms for potentially enhanced growth performance in poultry.     

A swimming mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals

A docodontan mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic of China possesses swimming and burrowing skeletal adaptations and some dental features for aquatic feeding. It is the most primitive taxon in the mammalian lineage known to have fur and has a broad, flattened, partly scaly tail analogous to that of modern beavers. We infer that docodontans were semiaquatic, convergent to the modern platypus and many Cenozoic placentals. This fossil demonstrates that some mammaliaforms, or proximal relatives to modern mammals, developed diverse locomotory and feeding adaptations and were ecomorphologically different from the majority of generalized small terrestrial Mesozoic mammalian insectivores.     

红瑞木溃疡病病原菌的鉴定

为了明确近年来引起上海辰山植物园红瑞木上枝干溃疡病的病原菌种类,首先对病原菌分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行了致病性测定和病原菌验证,然后进行了形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析和系统发育树构建。病原菌形态学特征与葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)一致,其rDNA-ITS序列(已提交GenBank,登录号:JN638454)与GenBank中葡萄座腔菌相似性达到99%,在系统发育树上与葡萄座腔菌处于同一分支。将辰山植物园红瑞木枝干溃疡病的病原菌鉴定为葡萄座腔菌(B.dothidea)。     

大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型及抽样技术研究

为了确定大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型与抽样技术,采用聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析法和Taylor幂法则分析了甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布型,根据Iwao的理论抽样数模型确定了蔗田枯心苗的最适理论抽样数。甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布呈聚集分布,基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,个体群在蔗田呈聚集分布。聚集程度随密度的升高而增加,聚集原因可能是由于甘蔗自身特性和大螟为害等环境因子作用或其中一个原因引起的。5种抽样方法均可用于蔗田抽样调查。用Iwao的理论抽样数模型计算出蔗田枯心苗的理论抽样数模型为:D=0.1时,n=230.470 0/m+0.980 0,D=0.2时,n=57.617 5/m+0.245 0,D=0.3时,n=25.607 8/m+0.108(m为枯心苗平均密度)。本文为开展大螟测报和防治提供了理论依据。