不同断奶日龄仔猪消化道酸度和胃蛋白酶活性的动态变化

将12窝同日龄新生仔猪随机分成4组，每组3窝，每窝为一个重复组，分别采取17、21、28和35日龄断奶，在断奶后12h、1周、2周和3周从每个重复组中随机抽取1头屠宰，共测定了54头仔猪胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜pH值及胃食糜中胃蛋白酶的活性。结果发现断奶后12h胃食糜pH值均高于同龄哺乳仔猪，并且达该组整个试验期间的最高，随后逐渐降低。4组仔猪在断奶后胃pH值回复到3.5所需的时间分别为3、2、1和1周，这表明断奶日龄越早，胃中pH值回复到3.5所需要的时间越长。 除十二指肠外，空肠和回肠食糜pH值基本上不受日龄和断奶的影响。哺乳仔猪从18－36日龄胃蛋白酶相对活性（U/ml胃液）和比活（U/mg蛋白质）增加10倍以上。不同断奶日龄仔猪各组在断奶后12h胃蛋白酶的相对活性和比活均聚然升高，达到该日龄铒猪阶段正常值的2倍左右，特别是小日龄断奶仔猪为明显，随后在3周内逐渐降低，至50日龄时稳定在一个较低水平。     

代乳料与早期断奶对甘肃仔马鹿生长发育的影响

为了探索科学的饲养管理方法,提高甘肃马鹿的养殖水平,本试验对仔马鹿进行了早期断奶及其代乳料的试验研究。试验采用单因子随机分组设计,将24只60日龄甘肃仔马鹿随机分为4组,其中A、B、D为试验组,C为对照组,自然哺乳。试验组于仔鹿60日龄断奶,进行了30 d饲养试验,结果表明,仔鹿60日龄早期断奶是可行的,试验期内断奶仔鹿未发生腹泻、下痢等疾病。60日龄断奶后,饲喂A、B两组代乳料的效果与自然哺乳C组相近;D组效果则不理想。     

柠檬成熟果实可溶性糖和有机酸积累特征分析

本研究利用GC-MS对3个柠檬品种和2个贵州地方特色宽皮柑橘(牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘)果肉中可溶性糖和有机酸含量进行了检测。研究结果表明,共检测到蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、木糖等10种可溶性糖,以及柠檬酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、草酸等10种有机酸。柠檬、牛肉红朱橘、朱红橘可溶性糖和有机酸组分类似,差异主要在含量上。可溶性糖含量分析结果表明,果实中主要可溶性糖为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖,3种主要的可溶性糖在牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘中的平均含量均显著高于柠檬,分别是柠檬的4.51倍、2.18倍和1.68倍。有机酸含量分析结果表明,柠檬有机酸含量远高于牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘,3个柠檬柠檬酸和奎宁酸的平均含量分别是2个宽皮柑橘的12.18倍和10.05倍。以上分析结果表明,可溶性糖和有机酸含量反映了柑橘品种的种质特征,且与果实风味和口感一致。     

农三师猪弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

弓形虫病是龚第弓形虫引起的一种人和多种动物共患寄生虫病。本实验通过酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验对采自农三师辖区8个团场的不同养殖规模猪场的900份猪血清进行弓形虫病的抗体检测,结果表明猪弓形虫病在我师呈散发性流行。样品阳性率平均为36.33%,各辖区之间的抗体阳性率有一定差异,最高为49.16%,最低为21.33%。初步掌握我师猪弓形虫病的感染状况,为基层的防治工作提供技术指导。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

蜂蜜中有害物质的研究

蜂蜜是一种良好的营养物质,但是由于各种原因会有一些对人体不利的物质进入蜂蜜中。本文对蜂蜜中的有害物质（微生物污染、金属污染、HMF、农药残留、抗生素）从来源、危害、检测、去除等四个方面进行探讨。     

Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.