蜂胶黄酮提取纯化的工艺研究

为确定蜂胶黄酮提取纯化的最佳工艺条件.以蜂胶黄酮的得率和绝对提取率为指标,采用正交法优化乙醇提取蜂胶黄酮的工艺条件,考察乙醇浓度、液固比、水浴温度和水浴时间对蜂胶黄酮得率和绝对提取率的影响,再通过大孔吸附树脂对蜂胶黄酮进行纯化.结果表明,最佳提取纯化工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为60%,液固比为18ml/g,水浴温度为55℃,水浴时间为5h,上述工艺条件下,黄酮纯度为72.2%.最优树脂为D101,吸附速度为1.0ml/min,洗脱剂先采用40%乙醇2BV体积洗脱洗去杂质,再用80%乙醇5BV体积洗脱获得黄酮成分,此条件下层析得到的蜂胶黄酮纯度90.2%.     

新疆沙漠桑持水力的筛选研究

为获得生长在沙漠深处不同类型桑树基因资源的持水力差异信息,采用自然脱水法,对黑桑、白桑、粉桑和雄桑等不同类型的20份沙漠桑基因资源的失水过程进行了测定;研究结果表明,沙漠桑树分为强持水型、中等持水型和弱持水型,黑桑、白桑和粉桑类型桑树的持水能力较雄桑类型桑树强;根据枝条、叶片等同器官持水能力强弱不同,多数沙漠桑叶片的持水能力不太强,初步认为枝条的持水能力较叶片强。     

日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶对仔猪血液生化指标和生长性能的影响

探索阿拉伯木聚糖酶对日粮中非淀粉多糖的作用效果。试验选取16头平均体重(7.74±1.03)kg的28日龄长×大断奶仔猪,分为基础日粮(对照日粮组)和基础日粮+1.0 g/kg阿拉伯木聚糖酶(试验日粮组),分别在试验第12 d、第24 d测定各组内脏器官重量、血液生化指标。试验结果表明,在试验第24 d试验日粮组日增重明显高于对照日粮组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同的试验时期,试验日粮组对内脏器官绝对重量的影响较大,对相对重量的影响较小,对脾脏的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);在不同试验时间,两组的血清IgGI、gM、肌酐、血糖、血氨、甘油三酯、总蛋白的含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),第24 d试验日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量均高于其他各组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),对照日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量高于第12 d,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),试验日粮组血清尿素氮含量明显低于对照组,且在试验第12 d、第24 d时两组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶能提高断奶仔猪日增重,从而影响仔猪生长性能和相关血液生化指标。     

山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

一例山羊胰阔盘吸虫病的诊治

胰阔盘吸虫病主要由胰阔盘吸虫寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的胰脏及胰管内,引起机体的胰腺坏死或胰管阻塞的一类疾病。动物感染此病后,主要表现出消瘦、贫血、水肿及消化功能障碍等一系列临床症状。在本次诊治过程中,通过临床症状与病理剖解相结合的方式确定该病病原为胰阔盘吸虫。我们采用吡喹酮+氯氰碘柳胺+安乃近+林可霉素等四种药物对羊群进行驱虫,该养殖场的病情得到基本控制。     

Pathogenicity in quails and mice of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks

In our study, the pathogenicity of H5N1 influenza A viruses circulating in waterfowls in Southern China was investigated. Three H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses isolated from ducks, A/Duck/Guangdong/383/2008(DK383), A/Duck/Guangdong/378/2008(DK378) and A/Duck/Guangdong/212/2004(DK212) were inoculated at 10(6) fifty-percent egg infectious doses (EID(50)) into ducks, quails and mice and showed varying levels of pathogenicity. In ducks, the mortality rates ranged from 0 to 60% and the mean death time (MDT) was 0-6.7 days post-inoculation (DPI). While the viruses were highly pathogenic in quails, resulting in 83.3-100% mortality and the MDT of 2.3-3 DPI, they were completely lethal in mice (100% mortality). The viruses replicated in many organs of ducks and quails and were found in the brain, and kidney, lung and spleen of the mice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DK383 and DK378 viruses of clade 2.3.2 belonged to genotype 11, while DK212 virus of clade 9 was genotype 3. Our study illustrated H5N1 influenza viruses within Clade 2.3.2 and 9 from duck in Southern China had very highly pathogenicity to Japanese quails and BALB/c mice, but viruses within Clade 2.3.2 had more highly lethality than those of clade 9 to Muscovy ducks. Therefore, they had posed a continued challenge for disease control and public health.     

The Effect of Season on Spermatozoa Motility,Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity in Fresh and Frozen–Thawed Semen from Xinong Saanen Bucks

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the season of ejaculate collection influences seminal quality parameters of pre‐ and post‐freeze–thawing in Xinong Saanen bucks. Ejaculates were collected from eight bucks throughout the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in a 12 months’ time period, identified in the Northern Hemisphere. Semen samples were evaluated by the combinations of conventional and Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) when fresh and after frozen–thawed, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that season of ejaculate collection influenced (p < 0.05) fresh semen quality. Highest semen quality was observed during autumn. On the contrary, undesirable indices (significantly lower, p < 0.05) were observed in winter as compared with the other remaining seasons. CASA has clearly shown the influences of seasonal variations on semen motility parameters. Furthermore, season of ejaculate collection was also found to influence sperm freezability. Semen characteristics after frozen–thawed followed a similar pattern with that of fresh ejaculate except in spring. The results revealed that sperm quality was higher (p < 0.01) in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. In conclusion, seasonal variation influences semen quality in Xinong Saanen bucks. In addition to summer and autumn, fresh ejaculates in spring can also be successfully used for AI. Sperm from ejaculates collected during summer and autumn are more suitable for cryopreservation. Hence, it is possible to increase the efficiency of goat breeding by manipulating the seasonal variations of semen quality for immediate AI and/or cryopreservation.     

湖南长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理监管分析

为做好病死畜禽无害化处理工作,长沙市全面开展动物无害化处理体系建设,加强信息化监管平台建设,积极推动地方立法,严厉打击违法行为,探索建立病死动物无害化处理长效监管机制。本文通过概述长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理工作现状,分析了长沙市现有动物无害化处理体系建设情况,包括动物无害化处理中心、收集转运中心、收集暂存点和无害化处理点等。指出了当前存在的监管难度大,养殖保险未全覆盖,补助机制不完善,相关法律法规不健全等问题,由此提出加大财政支持力度,实现养殖保险全覆盖,完善无害化处理补助机制,推动出台相关法律法规,厘清责任分工等思考建议。     

妊娠黄牛的血液动力流变学观察

首次应用XXG－A型心血管功能测试仪以无创伤检测技术对16例妊娠黄牛22项血液动力流变学指标做了检测，并首次对怀孕黄牛的血液动力流变学特征做了报道。     

中国淡水鱼类种质资源的保护和利用

本文简要介绍了目前世界鱼类资源概况、我国鱼类资源现状，以及鱼类生物多样性的极丰富程度与易被破坏性，还介绍了造成鱼类种类减少或区系组成变化的主要原因以及造成鱼类遗传多样性减少的内在原因和外部原因；比较详细的提出了鱼类种质资源保护的目的、策略及措施。并就我国鲤科鱼类繁育群体的大小、鱼类种质的鉴定与评价及利用前景作了分析。