几种淡水养殖鱼死后僵硬的季节变化

几种淡水养殖鱼活杀死后在室全僵的时间（Ｔｒ）同其生活时的水温（ｔ）之间存在着良好的负相关，即ｌｎＴｒ＝５．０３７－０．１１６５ｔ（ｒ＝－０．９２３６），显示出明显的季节差异。死后僵硬还受致死方法影响，表现为活杀鱼的僵硬时间长，挣扎死的短，半死的近于二者之间。据此，讨论了在温度低，僵硬期长的季节，采用冰藏或１０℃以常温条件下活杀鲜鱼流通上市，拓宽淡水养殖鱼类流通渠道的可能性及活杀鲜鱼的鲜度质量指标等     

Enhanced micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng through protocorm-like bodies: The effects of cytokinins,carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment

The effects of cytokinins, carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment on the conversion of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) to shoots were investigated for the enhancement of micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng, an endangered medicinal plant in China. The effects of cytokinins and carbohydrate sources on the conversion of PLBs to shoots depended on their types and concentrations. The best results in terms of shoot development from PLBs occurred on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 20 μM kinetin and 10 g l⁻¹ maltose. Cold pretreatment at 10 °C for 1–2 weeks significantly enhanced the conversion of PLBs to shoots, and over 1300 shoots were obtained from one gram of PLBs after 3 months of culture. The developed shoots were rooted on growth regulator-free MS medium supplemented with 8 g/l banana paste to give complete plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized with a survival rate of approximately 65%. The results indicate that a suitable cold pretreatment (10 °C for 1 week) followed by the use of 20 μM kinetin and 10 g/l maltose in 1/2 MS medium would produce a large number of shoots from PLBs for plantlet regeneration of D. huoshanense.     

高产虫草菌素蛹虫草菌株的紫外线诱变选育

蛹虫草是重要的药食用真菌。通过对蛹虫草原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,筛选到1株优良的菌株CMM-81。经固体发酵,虫草菌素和腺苷含量分别为0．437％和0．036％,是出发菌株的2倍。菌株CMM-81经连续15代传代培养,虫草菌素和腺苷的含量保持稳定。     

超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影

采用超声波处理小麦胚芽球蛋白以提高其功能性质.研究了超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影响.结果表明:经超声波处理后,小麦胚芽球蛋白的巯基和二硫键含量、紫外光谱和荧光光谱均发生了显著的变化.随着超声波功率的增加,小麦胚芽球蛋白的疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性都降低;当超声波功率大于900 W时,由于小麦胚芽球蛋白重新伸展,疏水基团暴露增多,引起疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性增加.此外.超声波功率对小麦胚芽球蛋白的溶解度有显著影响,随着超声波功率的增加其溶解度明显增加.因此,通过选择适宜的超声波功率水平能够改善小麦胚芽球蛋白的理化和功能性质.     

梯形渠道机翼形量水槽试验

基于Hager对圆锥筒及圆柱体量水槽测流原理分析,推求出梯形渠道机翼形量水槽在自由出流时的流量理论计算公式,指出流量校正系数可由相对水头确定.选择6种收缩比进行了一系列室内模型试验,并根据试验数据建立了相对流量与相对水头的无量纲关系式.结果表明,相对流量与相对水头具有良好的相关关系,流量计算最大相对误差为±3.5%,该量水槽临界淹没度可达0.90,控制断面收缩比为0.372～0.585时可得到较好的量水效果.     

DFC技术在农业机械设计中的应用

描述了面向成本设计(Design for cost)的概念以及我国农机行业的现状;通过对农机全生命周期的分析,阐述了在我国农机企业中实施面向成本设计的必要性;介绍了在农机设计阶段所需要的成本估算方法, 并提出了基于CAD/CAPP模型的农机成本估算框架体系,从而有助于提高我国自主品牌农机的市场竞争力.     

荷电喷雾改善烟气脱硫效果的机理及试验

为了研究荷电喷雾对湿法烟气脱硫的增益作用,探讨荷电雾滴表面特性、荷电特性及运动特性与传质的关系,采用石灰浆荷电雾化的方法进行了荷电喷雾烟气脱硫试验,获得了不同液气比、Ca/S摩尔比和荷电电压下的烟气脱硫效率.结果表明：脱硫效率随着液气比、Ca/S摩尔比、荷电电压的增大而提高,且提高的趋势都在逐渐变缓,提高幅度最大为10%.高压静电场的存在改善了雾滴的表面吸收特性,增加了雾滴表面Ca2＋的含量;荷电雾滴表面张力的减小降低了气体的传质阻力;雾滴带电及非过剩电荷感应极化作用,增加了雾滴吸收SO2的附加作用力;此外,高压静电作用下的二次雾化减小了雾滴粒径,增大了气液接触的总面积;带有同种电荷雾滴之间的相互排斥,雾滴在脱硫塔内部分布均匀.以上诸因素都有利于烟气脱硫效果的改善.     

Specific dynamic action in two body size groups of the southern catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Silurus meridionalis</Emphasis>) fed diets differing in carbohydrate and lipid contents

Specific dynamic action (SDA), the energy costs associated with meal digestion and assimilation, is generally affected by body size and food composition. We assessed the postprandial metabolic response and calculated SDA in two size groups of the southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis), each fed one of two diets, high lipid or high carbohydrate, at a meal size of 4% the body mass. Using a continuous-flow respirometer, we determined the oxygen consumption rate at 2-h intervals until the postprandial oxygen consumption rate returned to the prefeeding level. None of the parameters (resting metabolic rate, Rpeak, factorial ratio, time-to-peak, duration, energy expended on SDA, or SDA coefficient) were significantly affected by diet nor was there an interaction between diet and body mass. Rpeak and energy expended on SDA for the whole fish body were significantly higher in the larger fish than the smaller one in both dietary treatments, whereas no significant effect of body size was found in mass specific values. Factorial ratio (range 3.41 to 3.60), peak time (range 9.6 to 12.7 h), SDA coefficient (range 9.36 to 10.36%), and SDA duration (range 62.0 to 71.0 h) did not significantly differ between body size groups. These results suggest that in S. meridionalis the percentage of assimilated energy allocated to SDA may be independent of the body mass.     

海带配子体克隆育苗的关键技术

海带配子体克隆育苗生产技术工艺包括克隆的扩增培养、采苗及幼苗培育3部分。从生产应用的角度总结并探讨了海带克隆育苗工艺中各环节的关键技术。     

我国甘蔗机械化成本分析及机收效益评价模型的建立

对耕整地、种植、中耕培土及收获环节的机械化生产方式与常规生产方式的成本进行比较分析。结果显示,人工支出在常规生产方式的成本构成中所占比重最大,以机械替代人、畜力节约生产成本14.19%,其中以种植机械化的节约幅度最大,收获在机械化各环节成本构成中所占比重最大,凸显其重要性。并研究建立了"公顷纯收入"的多元线性回归模型,各自变量的贡献由大到小依次为:甘蔗单产、甘蔗收购价、肥料成本、委托机收费用。